Chemicals of Life and Human Nutrition

• The chemical elements for Carbohydrates are: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
• The chemical elements for fats are Hydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen
• The chemical elements for protein are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
• Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed
• Absorption is the movement of soluble food molecules through the villi in the wall of the small intestine into the blood.
• Active site is a specific shape that binds to a specific substrate
• Alimentary canal is the passageway from the mouth to the anus.
• Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose.
• Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins
• Assimilation is the movement of digested food molecules and become a part of cells.
• Balanced diet is a diet that includes each of the 7 types of nutrients in the correct amounts and proportions.
• Bile is a solution that emulsifies fats to increase surface area and is essential for chemical digestion by lipase and is stored in the gallbladder and released from the duodenum
• Carbohydrates is a long chain of monosaccharides and produces glucose, cellulose, and starch
• Catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without having a permanent chemical change
• Chemical Digestion is the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules by chemical reactions
• Chemical Digestion is the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules by chemical reactions.
• Denaturation is the loss of the 3D structure of a protein because of extreme temperatures of pH.
• DNA is a polymer of nucleotides, and is the genetic material of all living organisms.
• Egestion is the removal of undigested food from the body through the anus called faeces.
• Enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction.
• Fatty Acids is a monomer of lipid and consist of 3 connected to a block of glycerol.
• Glucose is a monosaccharide of Carbohydrates and is the most common sugar.
• Glycerol is a monomer of lipids and is connected to 3 blocks of fatty acids.
• Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is in animal cells.
• Ingestion is the process of swallowing food, and the movement of food through the digestive system.
• Kwashiorkor is the deficiency disease for lack of protein, showing a pot belly and fatigue.
• Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
• Lipids is fats and oils and is used for long term and making cell membrances, insulation.
• Marasmus is a condition of severe protein deficiency and is much lower weight aswell as emaciated.
• Mechanical Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller pieces using teeth by swallowing and chewing
• Nucleotide is a monomer of DNA or RNA.
• Peristalsis is a wave like contraction used to push down food down the oesophagus
• Pepsin is a protease that breaks down proteins into amino acids
• Protease is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids.
• Protein is a long chain of amino acids and is used for muscles, enzymes, and antibodies.
• Rickets is a disease of bone growth in children caused by a lack of vitamin D.
• Starch is a polysaccharide made of glucose and is used in plant cells.
• Villi is the finger like projections of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption.
• The role of water for Digestion is to dissolve Enzymes
• The role of water for transport is to dissolve glucose into blood