Cell Structure

• mitochondria

  carries out aerobic respiration to release ATP in the matrix, also attached to the cristae (acts to increase s.a.)
• nucleus 


  contains dna for genetic code which tells cells what proteins to make

  surrounded by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores

  ribosomes and ribosomal dna made in the nucleolus
• golgi apparatus 


  modifies and packages proteins and triglycerides to make lysosomes

  consists of flattened sacs

  vesicles for transport out of the cell
• centrioles

  in the cytoplasm of an animal cell

  they organise the microtubules, that serve as a cells skeletal system
• rough endoplasmic rectilum provides a large s.a. for synthesis of proteins by ribosomes, provides a pathway for the transport of proteins through the cell
• smooth endoplasmic rectilum synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates
• microtubules are intermediate filaments and microfilaments are the component of the cell skeleton

  they are involved in the assembly of mitotic spindle, in dividing cells or axon extension
• a lysosome is a round organelle surrounded by a membrane, contains digestive enzymes called lysozomes to break down material ingested by phagocytes or worn out organelles
• the cytoplasm holds components of the cell together and protects from damage
• microvilli are folds of the epithelium often found in the small intestine, they have a large s.a. to maximise the rate of absorption of nutrients into the blood
• the cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, it has receptors for substances such as hormones