Henry VII - Foreign Policy

• What was Henry VII not interested in regarding his foreign policy?

  - asserting England as a power in Europe
• Why did Henry VII feel strongly towards Brittany?

  - Felt a sense of obligation towards the Bretons as he had been exiled there in his youth.

  - Feared direct French control of Brittany would pose a greater threat to England.
• What consequences of the Treaty of Redon did Henry fear and what did he do to combat this?

  - worried his support for Brittany would anger the French

  - Henry needed allies against French power - Treaty Medina del Campo signed with Spain
• What Treaty was also signed in 1489 regarding Spain?

  Treaty of Medina del Campo
• What did the treaty of Medina del Campo achieve?

  - Treaty gained security (an ally and prevention of Spain as a Yorkist stronghold) and financial gain.
• What were the effects of Anne of Brittany marrying Charles VIII?


  - Leaves English troops stranded and Henry VII looking weak.
• How did Henry VII secure the money to invade France?

  - through parliament and extraordinary revenue
• On which two occasions did Henry VII raise revenue through extraordinary measures for war?


  - 1 - The Breton Crisis

  - 2 - War with Scotland
• Who was the dominant figure in Ireland?

  - Earl of Kildare
• Why was the earl of Kildare feared by Henry?

  - he had Yorkist sympathies
• What happened in 1496 in Ireland?


  - Kildare decided that there was no benefit in supporting Yorkists anymore, so decided to be loyal to Henry
• What happened in 1493?


  - England establishes a trade embargo with Burgundy
• Who is Margaret of Burgundy?


  - Widowed duchess of Burgundy and sister to Richard III and Edward IV.
• Who did Warbeck marry to become more legitimate?

  - married the king's cousin Lady Catherine Gordon
• What did the treaty of perpetual peace mean?


  - James should marry Henry's daughter Margaret
• What happened in 1506?


  - Juana and her husband set sail for Spain but are Shipwrecked in England.
• What was the Treaty of Windsor?


  - this was signed to secure a strong relationship and restore trade with Burgundy through the Intercursus Malus

  - Signed due to the shipwreck
• What happened to Juana in 1506?

  - Her husband, Phillip of Burgundy, died which is said to have left her 'wrecked with grief'.

  - This meant that she was no longer an ally to Henry and her power was given to Ferdinand.
• Evaluation the late Spanish Policy.

  - Henry has arguably had bad luck, as his success has fallen due to the death of Phillip.

  - However, this could not have been predicted but leaves Henry politically isolated.
• What coalition formed against Charlies and what were they called?

  - the 'Holy League' or 'League of Venice'

  this included Ferdinand and Maximillian
• Why did the League of Cambrai's aim fail?


  - this aim failed as each ruler was too focused on securing their own ambitions.
• What is the one major flaw in the league of Cambrai for Henry VII?

  - He wasn't in it!

  - This showed that he had become politically isolated himself in his later life.