Chromosomal mutations

• Types of chromosome mutations: chromosome structure & chromosome number.
• Deletion - during cell division, especially meiosis, a piece of chromosome breaks off, may be an end piece or middle piece (when 2 breaks in a chromosome occur)
• inversion - segment of the chromosome is turned 180 degrees, same gene but opposite position.
• Translocation - movement of chromosome segment from one chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome.
• Duplication - doubling of a chromosome segment because of attaching a broken piece form from a homologous chromosome, or by unequal crossing over.
• monosomy - only one of a particular type of chromosome (2n-1)
• trisomy - having three of a particular type of chromosome (2n+1)
• Polyploidy - having more than 2 sets of chromosomes; triploids (3n = 3 each type of chromosome) tetraploids (4n = 4 of each type of chromosome).