genbio

• most biomolecules are organic
• polymers are made up of monomers sub unit
• carbohydrates - source or energy and structure. Means hydrated.
• chitin - major component of exoskeleton; hard shells like crabs and scorpions
• waxes - waterproof, resistant to degration
• steroids - cell messengers (ex. cholesterol and hormones)
• phospholipids - cell membrane component
• Dna - deoxyribonucleic acid, stores & transmits information used to assemble proteins
• RNA - ribonucleic acid, reads DNA-encoded information to direct protein synthesis. Three types: messenger, ribosome, and transfer RNA
• collagen - type of structural protein that makes up our skin
• keratin - structural protein that is found in our nails and hair.
• there are 20 amino acids but only 12 are essential.
• structural protein - type of protein used for collagen and keratin
• defense protein - type of protein used for the defensive mechanism of our body
• transport protein - type of protein used for transporting oxygen
• secretory protein - type of protein used for metabolism
• organ systems - biological systems consisting a group of organs
• anatomy - parts, physiology - function
• digestive system - used for digestion & elimination process. (moth, esophagus, stomach, liver, intestine, pancreas)
• circulatory - used for transpoting blood & oxygen (heart, blood, blood vessels)
• respiratory - used for gas exchange for breathing (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea)
• excretory - used for removing waste in our body (kidney, unary bladder, urethra)
• endocrine - regulates body’s metabolic activities (pancreas, thyroid, ovary)
• nervous - gives commands to our body (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
• muscular - movement (cardiac, skeletal, smooth muscle)
• skeletal - structural support (bones, ligaments, cartilage, tendons)
• integumentary - protection, skin, temperature regulation (skin, hair, nails)
• immune & lymphatic system - primary defense against pathogens (tonsils, lymph, spleen)
• reproductive - fertilization and reproduction (ovary, uterus, vagina, testis, penis)
• homeostasis - helps maintain our internal conditions while dealing with the external environment. Maintains equilibrium.
• Hypothalamus - located above the brain stem, acts as our body’s smart control coordinating system.
• examples that ay disrupt homeostasis - increase in body temperature, blood sugar level, blood pressure
• 3 components that regulate homeostasis - sensor or receptor, control center, effector
• sensor or receptor (nervous system) - receives stimuli if there are changes in the environment.
• control center (brain) - gives signal to the effector
• effector - decides the response
• negative feedback - important to regulate homeostasis and stops the response
• positive feedback - increases the response continuously.
• hormones - travels though the blood stream, can either be proteins or lipids.
• endocrine ccells - produces hormones