Casework CA

• Speenhamland System

  • In 1795, it established earliest "poverty line" based on the price of bread and number of dependents in worker's family, subsidization provided when wages dipped below the poverty line.
• Elizabeth Poor Law of 1601

  • created a national administrative system for England, outlining local responsibility for the care of poor persons and families.
  • the poor were divided into two categories, deserving and undeserving, during the first three-quarters of 16th century.
  • the poor people who were unable to work due to being ill, disabled or simply being too old. On the other hand, those who chose not to work but were able to were called able bodied or idle poor.
• The Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 created a national administrative system for England that outlined local responsibility for caring for the poor.
• Marry Richmond

  • Founding mother of Social Casework
• Casework Method by Marry Richmond

  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Social Study
• WWII

  • caused and increased rate in people with personality problems
  • services focused on helping individuals with personality problems
  • this period gave rise to the demands for medical and psychiatric social workers
• Associated Charities of Manila

  • 1917, a family welfare agency patterns with COS which employed "home visitors"
  • the first to use casework
• Dr. Jose Vergara

  • the superintendent of Associated Charities of Manila, appreciated the value of psychiatric social work in the US
• PIE Perspective

  • Provides a holistic method for assessing and intervening on the client's social functioning.
  • identifies aspects in the environment that contribute to client's problems which need intervention
  • directs the social worker to initiate changes at the socio-political levels of the environment to address the personal needs of clients.
  • leads to the development of programs that will address the environment issues or problems causing the individual's social dysfunction
• PIE


  identifies aspects in the environment that contribute to client's problems which needs intervention
• Social Functioning

  • defines an individual's interactions with their environment and the ability to fulfill their roles within such environments as work, social activities, and relationships with partners and family
• Social Functioning

  • the relation between the coping activity of people and the demand from the environment (Harriet Bartlett)
• Social Functioning

  • focus of social work
  • Key concept in social work
  • the interaction between the individual and his situation or environment
• Case Management

  • a procedure to plan, seek and monitor services from different social agencies and staff on behalf of the client
  • needs coordination of different agencies thru professional teamwork
  • knowledge of policies of different agencies
• Casework

  • it is essentially a generic process
  • focus on intervention/change
  • On the modification and improvement of the way the environmental and emotional forces and conflicts are interacting that cause impairment on the individual's functionality
  • The focus on the person-in-situation configuration
• Social Casework

  • it is a process used by human welfare agencies to help individuals cope more effectively with their problems of social functioning.
  • it encompasses the four essential elements or components of social work: person, problem, place and process
  • Helen Harris Perlman
• Social Casework

  • The helping process involves providing material assistance, referring to community facilities, offering emotional and psychological support, making suggestions, setting limits, assisting in narrating situations, and understanding connections between attitudes and past experiences.
  • Esther C. Viloria
• Social Casework its Nature

  • understood as an approach to help individuals but not at random.
  • a method of social work profession
  • it seeks to help individuals in a systematic way based on knowledge of human behavior and various tested approach
• Casework as a Process

  • is set in motion when an individual with problem comes to a place where a professional representative, the social worker, engages him in working relationship and together they embark on a scientific or problem-solving process
• Casework as a Method

  • helping a person through a relationship that taps personal and other resources for coping with problems, change in attitude and feelings affected by the dynamics of client-working relationship
• Interviewing

  • tool in social casework
• Reality

  • an objective assessment of the client's situation. It starts from the purpose of the client-worker relationship, that is to help the client in some area of his social functioning
• Transference

  • it tales place when the client unconsciously transfers to the social worker attributes or characteristics of some important or powerful persons in his past life.
• Counter-transference

  • this is the worker's unconscious response to the client's transference
• Relationship

  • A basic concept in social work
  • involves self-discipline and self-awareness
  • warmth, caring and congruence have been identified as essential qualities
• Purposeful Expression of feelings

  • the recognition of the client's need to express his feelings freely, especially his negative feelings
• Controlled Emotion Involvement

  • the worker's sensitivity to the client's feelings, an understanding of the meaning of these feelings and a purposeful, appropriate response
• Acceptance

  • the worker perceives and deals with the client as he really is, including his strengths and weaknesses, his positive and negative feelings, his constructive and destructive behavior, while maintaining and communicating a sense of the client's innate dignity and personal worth
• Acceptance

  • the nucleus, the core of social work principle
• Individualization

  • the recognition of each client as a unique individual
• Non-judgemental Attitude

  • is based on the belief that social worker does not assigning guilt or innocence
• Client Self-determination

  • the recognition of the right and the need of the client to have freedom in making his own choices and decisions in the social work processes.
• Confidentiality

  • is the preservation of the private information concerning the client, which is disclosed within the professional relationship, or is received from other source int he course of working with a client.
• Worker self-awareness

  • social worker is always conscious that her role is to make use of her professional relationship with her client in a way that will enhance primarily the client's development rather than her own
• Client-worker relationship

  • means for carrying out the social worker's function
• Ethical Boundaries

  • refers to ethical guidelines that ought to govern caregiving relationships making them distinct from personal, intimate or business relationships.
  • the ethics literature makes a distinction between boundary violations and boundary crossings
• Social Learning Theory

  • focuses on conditions that affects the acquisition, performance, and maintenance of behavior
  • Albert Bandura
• Classical Conditioning

  • is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus
• Person

  • in casework, helping efforts are focused on the individual, who is the principal client
• Problem

  • some unmet need
  • one of stress - physical, psychological, social which causes the person to be ineffective or disturbed in carrying out his social roles
  • a combination of the two