In 1795, it established earliest "poverty line" based on the price of bread and number of dependents in worker's family, subsidization provided when wages dipped below the poverty line.
Elizabeth Poor Law of 1601
created a national administrative system for England, outlining local responsibility for the care of poor persons and families.
the poor were divided into two categories, deserving and undeserving, during the first three-quarters of 16th century.
the poor people who were unable to work due to being ill, disabled or simply being too old. On the other hand, those who chose not to work but were able to were called able bodied or idle poor.
The Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 created a national administrative system for England that outlined local responsibility for caring for the poor.
Marry Richmond
Founding mother of Social Casework
Casework Method by Marry Richmond
Diagnosis
Treatment
Social Study
WWII
caused and increased rate in people with personality problems
services focused on helping individuals with personality problems
this period gave rise to the demands for medical and psychiatric social workers
Associated Charities of Manila
1917, a family welfare agency patterns with COS which employed "home visitors"
the first to use casework
Dr. Jose Vergara
the superintendent of Associated Charities of Manila, appreciated the value of psychiatric social work in the US
PIE Perspective
Provides a holistic method for assessing and intervening on the client's social functioning.
identifies aspects in the environment that contribute to client's problems which need intervention
directs the social worker to initiate changes at the socio-political levels of the environment to address the personal needs of clients.
leads to the development of programs that will address the environment issues or problems causing the individual's social dysfunction
PIE
identifies aspects in the environment that contribute to client's problems which needs intervention
Social Functioning
defines an individual's interactions with their environment and the ability to fulfill their roles within such environments as work, social activities, and relationships with partners and family
Social Functioning
the relation between the coping activity of people and the demand from the environment (Harriet Bartlett)
Social Functioning
focus of social work
Key concept in social work
the interaction between the individual and his situation or environment
Case Management
a procedure to plan, seek and monitor services from different social agencies and staff on behalf of the client
needs coordination of different agencies thru professional teamwork
knowledge of policies of different agencies
Casework
it is essentially a generic process
focus on intervention/change
On the modification and improvement of the way the environmental and emotional forces and conflicts are interacting that cause impairment on the individual's functionality
The focus on the person-in-situation configuration
Social Casework
it is a process used by human welfare agencies to help individuals cope more effectively with their problems of social functioning.
it encompasses the four essential elements or components of social work: person, problem, place and process
Helen Harris Perlman
Social Casework
The helping process involves providing material assistance, referring to community facilities, offering emotional and psychological support, making suggestions, setting limits, assisting in narrating situations, and understanding connections between attitudes and past experiences.
Esther C. Viloria
Social Casework its Nature
understood as an approach to help individuals but not at random.
a method of social work profession
it seeks to help individuals in a systematic way based on knowledge of human behavior and various tested approach
Casework as a Process
is set in motion when an individual with problem comes to a place where a professional representative, the social worker, engages him in working relationship and together they embark on a scientific or problem-solving process
Casework as a Method
helping a person through a relationship that taps personal and other resources for coping with problems, change in attitude and feelings affected by the dynamics of client-working relationship
Interviewing
tool in social casework
Reality
an objective assessment of the client's situation. It starts from the purpose of the client-worker relationship, that is to help the client in some area of his social functioning
Transference
it tales place when the client unconsciously transfers to the social worker attributes or characteristics of some important or powerful persons in his past life.
Counter-transference
this is the worker's unconscious response to the client's transference
Relationship
A basic concept in social work
involves self-discipline and self-awareness
warmth, caring and congruence have been identified as essential qualities
Purposeful Expression of feelings
the recognition of the client's need to express his feelings freely, especially his negative feelings
Controlled Emotion Involvement
the worker's sensitivity to the client's feelings, an understanding of the meaning of these feelings and a purposeful, appropriate response
Acceptance
the worker perceives and deals with the client as he really is, including his strengths and weaknesses, his positive and negative feelings, his constructive and destructive behavior, while maintaining and communicating a sense of the client's innate dignity and personal worth
Acceptance
the nucleus, the core of social work principle
Individualization
the recognition of each client as a unique individual
Non-judgemental Attitude
is based on the belief that social worker does not assigning guilt or innocence
Client Self-determination
the recognition of the right and the need of the client to have freedom in making his own choices and decisions in the social work processes.
Confidentiality
is the preservation of the private information concerning the client, which is disclosed within the professional relationship, or is received from other source int he course of working with a client.
Worker self-awareness
social worker is always conscious that her role is to make use of her professional relationship with her client in a way that will enhance primarily the client's development rather than her own
Client-worker relationship
means for carrying out the social worker's function
Ethical Boundaries
refers to ethical guidelines that ought to govern caregiving relationships making them distinct from personal, intimate or business relationships.
the ethics literature makes a distinction between boundary violations and boundary crossings
Social Learning Theory
focuses on conditions that affects the acquisition, performance, and maintenance of behavior
Albert Bandura
Classical Conditioning
is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus
Person
in casework, helping efforts are focused on the individual, who is the principal client
Problem
some unmet need
one of stress - physical, psychological, social which causes the person to be ineffective or disturbed in carrying out his social roles