Unit 3

• Resulted in growing British concern and the Proclamation of 1763 - British policy of not allowing settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains
• Pontiac’s Rebellion


  Attacked forts (Detroit, Niagara, and Pitt)
• Pontiac’s Rebellion (1762) was an organized effort by Ottawa chief, Pontiac, to unify Native Americans against the British
• The French & Indian War was fought in North America as a part of the Seven Years’ War
• Effects of the French & Indian War

  • Great Britain’s territorial dominance over other European countries in North America
  • Disadvantageous position for Native American autonomy
  • Proclamation of 1763
  • Increased British debt
  • The end of “salutary neglect” for American colonies
  • Growing British-colonial tensions
• Portions of the Townshend Acts (except tea tax) were finally repealed in 1770, ending most colonial boycotts
• Colonial Perspective included resistance such as The Virginia (Stamp Act) Resolves, Stamp Act Congress (1765), Sons of Liberty, Daughters of Liberty, and Committees of Correspondence
• Britain countered colonial resistance with the repeal of the Stamp Act, the Declaratory Act (1766), and the Townshend Acts (1767)
• The French & Indian War

  1754-1763
• Primary sides were France and their Native American allies vs. the British and their Native American allies
• The French & Indian War was eventually ended by a peace treaty in 1766
• British Actions included the Sugar Act (1764), Currency Act (1764), Quartering Act (1765), and Stamp Act (1765)
• Reason for Pontiac’s Rebellion


  British respect for Native American autonomy was worse than under French influence
• The Boston Massacre occurred on March 5, 1770, where tensions escalated between British soldiers and colonists
• Treaty of Paris (1763) resulted in France losing all continental territory in North America, Great Britain gaining French-controlled Canada and Spanish-controlled Florida, and Spain gaining control of Louisiana and the port of New Orleans
• Against the Townshend Acts, there were arguments from John Dickinson and the Massachusetts Circular Letter by James Otis and Samuel Adams
• British Response included virtual representation and the Declaratory Act (1766)
• Crispus Attucks, a sailor and dockworker of mixed African and Native American ancestry, became the “first martyr of the American Revolution”
• Portions of the Acts (except tea tax) were finally repealed, ending most colonial boycotts

  1770
• Tensions escalated between British soldiers and colonists, leading to the Boston Massacre where five Bostonians were killed
• 2nd Continental Congress met in May 1775, with various thoughts on independence and George Washington appointed as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army
• Patrick Henry: '“Give me liberty or give me death!”'
• Quebec Act of 1774 extended the southern boundary of Quebec to the Ohio River and granted legal toleration to the Roman Catholic Church in Canada
• King George III rejected the Olive Branch Petition, leading to the Prohibitory Act banning trade with the colonies
• Boston Tea Party took place on December 16, 1773, where colonists disguised as Native Americans threw tea into the water
• Siege of Boston occurred with British troops surrounded within the city
• Thomas Paine published Common Sense in Jan. 1776, spreading ideas throughout the colonies and advocating for independence
• The Tea Act (1773) aimed to raise revenue on imported tea, undercut merchants and smugglers, and help the British East India Company
• Lexington & Concord occurred on April 19, 1775, where British troops were sent to seize colonial weapons
• Boston Massacre occurred on March 5, 1770
• Fort Ticonderoga was forced to surrender by Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen & the Green Mountain Boys in May 1775
• Battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775, where colonial militia fortified Breed’s Hill and British troops suffered over 1,000 casualties
• Olive Branch Petition was sent to King George III in July 1775, seeking reconciliation and protection of colonial rights
• John Adams defended the soldiers in court, resulting in seven being found not guilty and two being convicted
• 1st Continental Congress met in Sept. 1774, adopted the Suffolk Resolves, and called for the repeal of the Intolerable Acts
• The Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) of 1774 included closing the port of Boston, expanding the power of MA’s royal governor, and more
• Common Sense was published

  Jan. 1776
• Thomas Paine was successful at making ideas understandable for the common people
• Divine right of kings is outdated
• American rights were being systematically taken away