Biology

• Transportation in plants and animals
• Plant transport system - xylem, phloem
• Phloem transports sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant
• Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to rest of the plant
• Animal transport systems - blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
• Veins return blood back to heart under low pressure
• Capillaries are small blood vessels that allow exchange between tissues and blood
• Xylem transports water from roots to leaves
• Phloem transports sugars made by photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant
• The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
• Capillaries connect arteries and veins and have thin walls allowing diffusion across them.
• Blood is pumped around the body through the circulatory system.
• Oxygen diffuses into cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells.
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.
• Veins return blood back to the heart at low pressure.
• Capillaries are tiny vessels that allow exchange between the blood and tissues.
• The heart pumps blood around the body through the circulatory system.
• Valves prevent backward flow of blood within the heart.
• Capillaries are small vessels that allow exchange between tissues and blood.
• Blood is pumped into arteries by the left ventricle, which has thick walls and a large diameter.
• They branch off from arteries and lead to capillary beds.
• Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.
• Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body.
• White blood cells defend against infection and disease.
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
• Capillaries are tiny vessels that allow exchange between tissues and blood.
• The circulatory system is responsible for delivering nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
• High blood pressure can lead to damage to organs such as the kidneys and brain.
• Low blood pressure can cause dizziness or fainting due to insufficient blood flow to the brain.
• The left side of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and distributes it throughout the rest of the body.
• The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs for oxygenation.
• Blood is pumped by the left ventricle, which has thicker walls than other chambers due to its greater workload.
• Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart, while oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart.
• Pulmonary circulation involves the movement of deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and back again.
• Veins return blood back to the heart and have thinner walls than arteries but contain valves to prevent backward flow.
• Heart valves prevent backward flow of blood.
• Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
• Blood flows through arteries, veins, capillaries, and the heart.
• The bicuspid (mitral) valve separates the left atrium and ventricle.