Reproduction in plants

• Main types of reproduction in plants

  • Asexual reproduction
  • Sexual reproduction
• Budding


  Small projection called bud formed on the yeast cell, grows into a new yeast cell
• Unisexual flowers

  Flowers with only stamen or only pistil
• Reproduction in plants

  Production of new individuals from their parents
• Types of asexual reproduction in plants

  • Vegetative propagation
  • Budding
  • Fragmentation
  • Spore formation
• Flowers

  Reproductive parts of the plant
• Stamen


  Male reproductive part
• Asexual reproduction


  New plants produced without the help of seeds
• Fragmentation


  Plant breaks up into two or more fragments, each fragment grows into new plants
• Vegetative propagation


  New plants produced from vegetative parts like root, stem, or leaves
• Unisexual flowers examples

  • Maize
  • Papaya
  • Cucumber
• Vegetative parts of the plant

  Roots, stem, and leaves
• Sexual reproduction


  New plants produced from seeds
• Reproductive parts of the plant

  Flowers
• Vegetative propagation examples

  • Stem cutting of rose
  • Money plant
  • Potato plants sprouting from eyes
  • Ginger with new plants
  • Bryophyllum leaf with new plants
  • Cactus
• Pistil

  Female reproductive part
• Spore formation

  Fungus produces spores which germinate and produce new plants
• Reproductive parts of a flower

  • Pollination: Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma
  • Pollen grains are transferred by wind, water, or insects
  • Self-pollination: Pollen lands on the stigma of the same flower
  • Cross-pollination: Pollen from one flower lands on the stigma of another flower
  • Fertilisation: Fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote
  • After fertilisation, the zygote develops into an embryo, the ovule into the seed, and the ovary into the fruit
• Seed dispersal

  1. Carrying away of seeds from one place to another

  2. Seeds are dispersed by wind, water, and animals

  3. Seeds dispersed by wind are light, have wings or hairs for easy wind dispersal (e.g., drumstick, maple, sunflower)

  4. Seeds dispersed by water have spongy or fibrous outer cover for floating (e.g., coconut)

  5. Seeds dispersed by animals have spines with hooks for attachment (e.g., xanthium)
• Sexual reproduction in plants

  1. Flowers are the reproductive parts of the plant

  2. Stamen is the male reproductive part and pistil is the female reproductive part

  3. Flowers with only stamen or only pistil are unisexual flowers (e.g., Maize, Papaya, Cucumber)

  4. Flowers with both stamen and pistil are bisexual flowers (e.g., Rose, Mustard, Petunia)

  5. Stamen has a filament and anther containing pollen grains with male gametes

  6. Pistil has stigma, style, and ovary containing ovules with female gamete or egg

  7. Male and female gametes fuse to form a zygote
• Asexual reproduction can occur through budding or fragmentation.
• Budding involves the growth of small outgrowths called buds that eventually detach from the parent organism and grow into new individuals.
• Vegetative propagation refers to the production of new plants without sexual reproduction.
• Sexual reproduction involves two parents, while asexual reproduction only requires one parent.