Memory

• Define coding?

  the type of info stored
• what are the three types of info stored?

  visual

  auditory

  semantic
• what does semantic mean?

  what does it mean to you
• what is a strength to research of coding?

  research to support

  STM and LTM are separate and encode differently
• what is a limitation to research into coding?

  lacks ecological validity

  • dont remember random lists of words
• what is capacity?

  the amount of info held
• what did Miller find about STM?

  we can hold 7 + or - 2 items in our heads
• What did Jacobs find about capacity?

  digit span of 9/7 words
• What does duration mean?

  length of time info is stored in the brain
• what is the duration of the STM?

  18-30 seconds
• what is the research to support duration in the STM?

  Peterson and Peterson used a trigram and a number and asked them to recall the trigram after counting backwards
• what is the research to support duration in the LTM?

  Bahrick - asked pptt to recall the names of 50 people from their yearbook

  with photo recognition the recall increased
• Describe the multi-store model?

  input-sensory store - STM - retrieval - transfer - LTM

  Output

  Rehearsal
• What did HM have?

  epilepsy
• what did the surgery for HM cause?

  brain damage to his memory
• which part of HM brain was removed?

  hippocampus
• what happened to HM STM?

  stayed intact but can't rehearse anything
• what happened to HM LTM?

  nothing rehearsed - couldn't move anything to LTM
• What happened to KF?

  amnesia - motor bike accident
• what did shallice and warrington study ?

  KF - amnesia patient
• what happened to KF LTM?

  stayed intact
• what happened to KF STM?

  was reduced to 2-3 items not 7 + or - 2
• what did Glanzer and Cunitz do?

  see if they could find evidence for separate stores
• what did Glanzer and Cunits do - procedure?

  patients had 2 lists - one group was immdiate recall one was delayed recall
• what were glanzer and cunitz find?

  pptts in group one remembered first and last words - pptts in group two remembered begining of the list
• what were the conclusions of glanzer and cunitz?

  ALL pptt remembered beginning of list (LTM) and when a distractor interfered with maintenance rehearsal pptt couldn't remember end of list
• what is the duration of the sensory register?

  1/4 to 1/2 a second
• what is the capacity of the sensory register?

  all sensory experience (large)
• what is the encoding of the sensory register?

  sense specific
• what is the encoding of the STM?

  auditory
• what is the capacity of the LTM?

  Unlimited
• what is the encoding of the LTM?

  Semantic memories
• what is the duration of the LTM?

  lifetime
• what is a criticism to the MSM?

  assumes all short term memories and long term memories are the same
• what does MSM stand for?

  multi store model
• what are declarative memories?

  things you know you know and can explain
• what are non-declarative memories?

  things you don't really know how you do it and can't explain
• what are episodic memories?

  Personal events or experiences.
• what is the strength of episodic memories dictated by?

  the emotional response during encoding
• what do episodic memories have?

  time stamp