Urban Issues and Challenges

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Created by
Ben Harper

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Cards (50)

  • The world's population reached 7.3 billion people in 2011
  • Some countries are experiencing population decline, for example Japan, Russia, and Ukraine
  • The number of cities with over 10 million people, known as megacities, is increasing
  • A megacity is a city with over 10 million people living in it
  • Urban areas are growing rapidly
    Urban planning is important to ensure that opportunities are maximised and challenges are minimised
  • The highest rates of population growth are occurring in low income countries (LICs) such as Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Niger
  • Top 10 Megacities
    • Tokyo-Yokohama, Japan - 37,843,000
    • Jakarta, Indonesia - 30,539,000
    • Delhi, India - 24,998,000
    • Manila, Philippines - 24,123,000
    • Seoul-Incheon, South Korea - 23,480,000
    • Shanghai, China - 23,416,000
    • Karachi, Pakistan - 22,123,000
    • Beijing, China - 21,009,000
    • New York, United States - 20,630,000
    • Guangzhou-Foshan, China - 20,597,000
  • Based on the World Bank's income classifications, a low income country (LIC) has a gross national income (GNI per capita) of $1,045 or lower
  • Today more than 50% of the world's population live in urban areas
  • Natural increase
    The natural growth of a population due to the number of births exceeding deaths
  • Push factors
    • Unemployment
    • Lower wages
    • Crop failure
    • Poor living conditions
    • Poor health and education services
    • Few facilities
    • Natural disasters
    • Civil war
  • More and more people are leaving rural areas and moving to cities
  • Push factor
    A factor that encourages people to leave the place in which they live and to move elsewhere
  • Migration
    The movement of people into or out of the city
  • Rural to urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside to the city
  • Pull factors
    • More jobs
    • Higher wages
    • Better living conditions
    • Better education and health services
    • Better facilities
    • Less chance of natural disasters
  • Pull factor
    A factor which attracts people to move to a new place