Musculo-Skeletal System

• Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found at the ends of long bones to cushion them during movement.
• Bones are hard structures that protect organs, support soft tissues, store minerals, produce blood cells, and allow movement.
• The skeleton is made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, joints, muscles, and the periosteum
• The skeleton consists of two types of bone: axial (long) and appendicular (short).
• The skeleton consists of two types of bone, compact (dense) and spongy (cancellous).
• Compact bone has a dense structure with few spaces between cells, while spongy bone has a lattice-like structure with many spaces between cells.
• Spongy bone contains many small spaces filled with red marrow where blood cells are produced
• Bone marrow is located within the cavities of some bones and produces red blood cells.
• Compact bone has a dense outer layer with osteocytes embedded within it
• There are two types of bone tissue - compact (cortical) and spongy (trabecular)
• Axial bones include the skull, vertebral column, rib cage, sternum, hyoid bone, and clavicles.
• Compact bone has a dense outer layer called cortex and an inner medullary cavity filled with yellow marrow.
• Appendicular bones include the upper limbs (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges), lower limbs (femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges), pelvis (hip bones), and pectoral girdle (shoulder blades).
• Spongy bone has a lattice structure with many small spaces filled with red marrow.