The actions or responses that may reveal their status as boy, man, girl, or woman
Sexual Orientation
Based on feelings, attractions, and desires
Sexual identity is fluid and can change throughout life
Sex
Biological and genetically differences of males and females, according to their physiology and reproductive capabilities
Gender Analysis
A collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information
Men and women perform different roles
Leads to different experience, knowledge, talents, and needs
Facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge skills possessed by men and women
Biological sex
Attributes such as anatomy, chromosomes, and hormones that are usually assigned at birth and inform whether a person is male, female, or intersex
Gender Mainstreaming
The process of incorporating a gender perspective into policies, strategies, programs, project activities, and administrative functions
Importance: Puts people at the heart of policy making
Leads to better government (gender neutral)
Involves both women and men and makes full use of human resources
Makes gender equality issues visible in the mainstream of society
Takes into account the diversity among women and men
Gender Equal Society
Both men and women have the opportunity to participate in all kinds of social activities
Equally enjoy political, economic and cultural benefits
Share responsibilities
Human rights of men and women are equally respected
Gender
Represents the economic, social, political, and cultural qualities and opportunities associated with being women and men
A socially constructed definition of the relationship between sexes
Gender identity
An individual’s internal sense of being, a man, a woman, neither of these, both, and so on. It is one’s inner sense of being and one’s own understanding of how one relates to the gender binary
Gender expression
The ways in which a person manifests masculinity, femininity, both, or neither through appearance, behavior, dress, speech patterns, preferences, and more
Sexologist John Money created the term gender role in 1955
Gender Equity
The process of being fair to women and men
Gender Equality
Equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities that all persons should enjoy regardless of whether one is born male or female
In the world of work, includes elements like equality of opportunity and treatment in employment, equal remuneration for work of equal value, equal access to safe and healthy working environments and to social security
Equality between women and men in the world of work
Equality of opportunity and treatment and employment
Equal remuneration for work of equal value
Equal access to safe and healthy working environments and to social security
Equality in association and collective bargaining
Equality of obtaining meaningful career development
Equal participation in decision-making at all levels
Gender Inequality
Unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender, arising from differences in socially constructed gender roles
Basic concept of gender inequality
Gender inequality in the workplace
Types of Gender Discrimination
Sex discrimination or gender inequality is unequal treatment based solely on gender
Harassment in the workplace includes bullying and sexual harassment
Ten extreme examples of gender inequality
Forbidden from driving in Saudi Arabia
Clothing requirements for Muslim women
Right to divorce restrictions
Limited access to education in certain areas
Restrictions on the right to travel in Egypt and Bahrain
Lack of laws to penalize domestic violence
Custody rights issues in Bahrain
Citizenship rights restrictions in Egypt
Criminalization of adult, consensual sex outside marriage
Female infanticide issues in China due to the one-child policy
Gender Concepts and Definitions
Sex: Biological and genetic differences between males and females
Gender: Economic, social, political, and cultural qualities and opportunities associated with being women and men
Gender role: Actions or responses that reveal one's status as boy, man, girl, or woman
Gender Analysis: Collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information
Gender Equal Society
A society where both men and women have equal opportunities to participate in social activities, enjoy political, economic, and cultural benefits, share responsibilities, and have their human rights equally respected
Gender Mainstreaming
Incorporating a gender perspective into policies, strategies, programs, project activities, and administrative functions
Gender Equality
Equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities for all persons regardless of gender
Gender Inequality
Unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on gender, arising from differences in socially constructed gender roles
Importance of gender mainstreaming
Gender Equity
The process of being fair to women and men
Ten extreme examples of gender inequality
Gender Identity and Expression
Biological sex: attributes such as anatomy, chromosomes, and hormones that inform whether a person is male, female, or intersex
Gender identity: An individual’s internal sense of being a man, a woman, both, neither, etc.
Sexual Orientation: Based on feelings, attractions, and desires
Gender expression: Ways in which a person manifests masculinity, femininity, both, or neither through appearance, behavior, dress, speech patterns, preferences, etc.
Elements of equality between women and men in the world of work
Equality of opportunity and treatment in employment
Equal remuneration for work of equal value
Equal access to safe and healthy working environments and social security
Equality in association and collective bargaining
Equal opportunity for meaningful career development
Equal participation in decision-making at all levels
Three basic types of sexual orientation
Monosexual Sexual Orientations
Polysexual Sexual Orientations
Asexual Sexual Orientation
Gender Stereotypes
Ideas that people have about masculinity or femininity
Sexual Orientation
Describes a person’s sexual or romantic attractions, sexual identity, sexual behaviors, and sexual desires
Polysexual Sexual Orientations
Bisexual
Pansexual
Queer
Asexual Sexual Orientation
Identified as asexual
Monosexual Sexual Orientations
Gay
Lesbian
Straight
Heterosexism
Presumption that everyone is heterosexual or the belief that heterosexual people are naturally superior to homosexual and bisexual people
Affection Orientation
Pattern of a person’s romantic attraction or the gender of the people a person falls in love with or desires to partner with
Gender inequality examples
Forbidden from driving in Saudi Arabia
Clothing requirements for Muslim women
Limited right to divorce for wives
Limited access to education for girls in Afghanistan
Restricted right to travel in Egypt and Bahrain
Lack of laws to penalize domestic violence
Custody rights in Bahrain
Citizenship rights in Egypt
Criminalization of adult, consensual sex outside marriage
Female infanticide in China
The concept of gender was introduced by Simone de Beauvoir in her book "The Second Sex" (1949).
Patriarchal gender systems that favor male dominance have historically contributed to gender inequality.
Gender inequality has led to the limitation of women's access to resources and opportunities in society.
Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender identity.