carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates - made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• Main Functions

  • Resistance to disease
  • Excess stored as fat
  • Main source of energy needed to all of the animals functions
  • Simple sugars and starches digest in the small intestines
  • Complex sugars digest in the large intestines
• Monosaccharides

  • Most basic of the carbohydrates.
  • used to produce and store energy.
  • Organisms create energy by breaking down monosaccharide glucose.
  • Glucose is the main energy source for organisms.
  • Found naturally in fruit and honey, added to many foods to sweeten.
• Disaccharides

  • The bridge between the monosaccharides when they become disaccharides or polysaccharides
  • They combine, forming water and an oxygen bridge = condensation
  • Only monosaccharides can be absorbed in the small intestine
  • Two monosaccharides joined together
  • known as sugars
• Sucrose, lactose and maltose are disaccharides.
• • Sucrose is made from monosaccharides glucose and fructose.
  • Lactose is made from glucose and galactose, found in milk.
  • Maltose is made from two glucose molecules.
• Polysaccharides

  • Multiple monosaccharides joined together.
  • known as complex carbohydrates.
  • Include starch, glycogen and cellulose.
  • Found in rice, cereal, grain, bread .
  • Broken down into glucose during digestion.
• Glycogen

  • Created in the body from glucose.
  • Store of energy.
  • When energy is required the body can use its glycogen reserves and convert it into glucose.
• cellulose

  • Makes up cell walls in plants.
  • Ruminants (cows, sheep, goats, deer etc.) have a special chamber in their stomach that can break down cellulose into fatty acids
  • main source of energy for ruminants
  • other animals it aids digestion