protein

• protein

  • essential for growth
  • used for repair of cells & tissues
  • synthesis of hormones & enzymes
  • regulation of blood clotting
  • transport substances in & out of cells
• amino acids

  • small molecules essential for life
• peptide

  • combination of amino acids joined together
• dipeptide

  • two amino acids joined together
• polypeptide

  • a combination of ten or more amino acids
• protein 50 or more amino acids joined used in almost all functions & structures
• essential amino acids

  • An amino acid that a species is unable to synthesise and must be obtained from food
• amino acid structure

  • made up of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
• • ​There are 21 amino acids that make up all of the proteins required ​
  • Different proteins have different sequences of amino acids. ​
  • Proteins can also be used as a source of energy but excess cannot be stored. Instead, excess excreted as urine.​

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  *20-22 depending on source, or year information was published.​
• • Animal bodies can synthesis a lot of amino acids, but not all of them and must get them from other food sources
  • Different species will have different requirements.
  • Amino acids can be obtained from both plant and animal sources.​
• Peptide Bond:​

  • Formed by condensation - water is removed (H2O)
  • Broken down by hydrolysis - water breaks the bonds
  • Breakdown occurs in stomach and small intestine​
• proline

  • plays a role in protein structure
  • helps collagen synthesis
  • helps maintain healthy skin & connective tissue
  • found in meat, dairy, eggs, legumes
• leucine

  • essential amino acids for protein synthesis
  • helps stimulate muscle synthesis
  • prevent breakdown of muscle tissues
• valine

  • promotes muscle growth & tissue repair
  • enhances energy
  • increases endurance
  • aids repair in muscle tissue