Neurones and Synaptic Transmissons

• Cells that conduct electrical impulses are called neurones
• Neurones transmit and process electrical messages through chemical and electrical signals
• There are three types of neurone - sensory neurones, motor neurones and relay neurones
• Sensory neurones can carry messages from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system
• Sensory Neurones have long dendrites and short axons, the cell body is in the middle of the neurone
• Identify the different neruones

  A) Relay Neurone

  B) Motor Neurone

  C) Sensory Neurone

  
• Relay neurones connect the sensory neurones to the motor neurones or other neurone, they are only found within the CNS
• Relay neurones have short dendrites and short axons
• Motor neurones connect the CNS to the effectors, they cause our muscles to move
• Motor neurons are connected in the CNS but their axons project into the peripheral nervous system
• Motor NEURONES have short dendrites and long axons. The cell body is on one end, long axon in the middle and the long axon on the other end
• Neurones communicate with each other in groups, these are called neural networks

  A) Neurotransmitter

  B) Vesicle

  C) Axon Terminal

  D) Reuptake

  E) Axon

  F) Receptor

  G) Diffusion

  
• Excitatory synapses release neurotransmitters that increase the likelihood of an action potential being generated by the postsynaptic neurone
• Presynaptic terminal contains neurotransmitters which are stored in vesicles
• Diffusion occurs when neurotransmitters diffuse across the gap between two neurones
• Synapse is the gap between one axon terminal/dendrite of a neurone and another axon terminal/ dendrite
• Neurones are cells that carry information around the brain and body. They conduct electrical impulses

  A) dendrites

  B) axon

  C) myelin sheath

  D) node of ranvier

  E) axon terminal