Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

• Types of disaster

  • Natural Disaster
  • Man-made disaster
• Hazard


  Natural events like volcanic activities, earthquakes, typhoons, and landslides that can cause harm to people
• Socio-Cultural Perspective


  • Change in individual roles
  • Disruption of social relationships and personal connections
  • Hatred/revenge
  • Lack of trust
  • Interpersonal Effect
• Disaster from different perspectives

  • Physical Perspective
  • Psychological Perspective
  • Socio-Cultural Perspective
  • Economic Perspective
  • Political Perspective
• Disaster Risk


  The combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences
• Man-made disaster


  A disaster caused due to human activities e.g., wars, fire accidents, industrial accidents etc.
• Psychological Perspective


  • Distress
  • Hopelessness
  • Emotional effects
  • Guilt Feeling
• Factors underlying disasters

  • Climate Change
  • Environmental Degradation
  • Globalized Economic Development
  • Poverty and Inequality
  • Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development
• Political Perspective


  • People who have trust in political institutions will assess the government's risk assessment as credible
• Disaster


  A sudden calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, or destruction
• Natural Disaster


  A disaster caused by natural factors e.g., earthquake, flood, cyclone etc.
• Economic Perspective


  • Loss of life
  • Unemployment
  • Loss of property
  • Loss of household articles
  • Loss of public infrastructure
• Disaster Risk


  The possible damage caused by a hazard due to vulnerability within a community
• When hazards become a disaster

  When the probable destructive agent, the hazard, hits a vulnerable populated area
• Physical Perspective


  • Injuries
  • Physical Disabilities or illness
  • Sanitation
  • Damage in infrastructure
• Economic Vulnerability


  Based on the economic status of individuals, communities, and nations. The poorer the country, the more vulnerable to disasters because they lack the funds or budgets to build sturdy structures and put other engineering measures in place which protect them from being affected by disasters
• Biological Perspective


  • Loss of lives
  • Public Demobilization
  • Negative Economic Effect
  • Unemployment
  • Hunger
• Exposure


  The presence of elements at risk or chance of being harmed from a natural or man-made hazard event
• Types of Vulnerability

  • Physical Vulnerability
  • Social Vulnerability
  • Economic Vulnerability
  • Environmental Vulnerability
• Economic Perspective


  • Loss of life
  • Unemployment
  • Loss of property
  • Loss of household articles
  • Loss of public infrastructure
• Physical Vulnerability


  Includes population density levels, place of a settlement, site design, and materials used for infrastructure and housing
• Vulnerability


  Characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or resource that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard
• Types of Hazard

  • Natural Hazards
  • Quasi-Natural Hazard
  • Technological (man-made) hazards
• Environmental Vulnerability


  Caused by natural resources depletion and destruction. Organisms like humans, animals, and plants are all dependent on the environment for survival
• Johnson, 1999: 'People who have trust in political institutions will assess the government's risk assessment as credible and accept their hazard policies'
• Hazard


  A harmful condition, substance, human behavior, or condition that can cause loss of life, injury, or other health effects, harm to property, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or damage to the environment
• Republic Act 10121 defines vulnerability. It provides a comprehensive, all-hazard, multi-sectoral, inter-agency, and community-based approach to disaster risk management through the formulation of the National Disaster Risk Management Framework
• Social Vulnerability


  Happens due to the inability of people, organizations, and societies to prevent severe effects from hazards because of expected behavior in social interactions, institutions, and system of cultural values
• Disaster mitigation aims to reduce the impacts and risks of hazards by means of proactive measures taken before an emergency or disaster takes place
• A path along the Pacific Ocean, and is characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.

  Ring of Fire
• An event causing great and often sudden damage or distress.

  Calamity
• • When lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent.

  VOLCANIC ERUPTION
• Shaking of earth caused by waves moving on and below the earth's surface.

  Earthquake
• Type of tropical cyclone, or severe tropical storm.

  Typhoon
• Can increase disaster risk in variety ways. By altering the frequency and intensity of hazard events.

  Climate Change
• Changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to this hazard.

  Environmental Degradation
• It results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale.

  Globalized Economic Development
• Poverty and Inequality


  Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures.
• People, poverty, and disaster risk are increasingly concentrated in cities.


  Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development (PPMUD)
• based on the economic status of individuals, communities, and nations. The poorer the country, the more vulnerable to disasters because they lack the funds or budgets to build sturdy structures and put other engineering measures in place which protect them from being affected by disasters.

  Economic Vulnerability