Second Trime

• Potential volcano-related hazards


  • Ballistic Projectiles
  • Ash fall
  • Pyroclastic Flows
  • Lava Flows
  • Volcanic Gases
  • Debris Avalanche or Volcanic Landslides
  • Tsunami
• Violent eruption


  Lava is flowing out of the volcano
• Effusive eruption


  Magma has been blown to pieces
• Volcanic hazards


  Phenomena arising from volcanic threat to people or property in a given area within a given period of time
• Ballistic projectiles


  • Rock fragments that are ejected from the volcano's mouth that are comparable to cannonballs
  • Reach a projectile up to 5 kilometers or 3 miles
• Ballistic projectiles


  Endanger life and property
• Ash fall or tephra fall


  • Volcanic particles such as pulverized rock, minerals and silicon which has fine coarse grain
  • Formed during explosive volcanic eruption when dissolved gasses in magma escape violently into the atmosphere
• Ash fall

  • Endanger life and property
  • Kills organisms both land and in water
  • Causes respiratory tract problem to human beings
  • Ruins machines in the industries and aircrafts
  • Can also damage roofing at home
  • Break power and communication lines
• Pyroclastic flows


  • Turbulent mass of ejected fragmented volcanic materials, mixed with hot gases that flow downslope at very high speeds
• Pyroclastic flows


  • Destroy anything on its path
  • Burn sites
  • Burn farmlands, destroy crops and buildings
• Lava flows


  • Steam-like flows of incandescent molten rock erupted from a crater
• Lava flows


  • Threaten human life
  • Burying, crushing, covering
  • Can bury
  • Block bridges and highways
• Volcanic gases


  • Gases and aerosols released into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions
• Volcanic gases


  • Irritate the eyes, skin, and can cause respiratory tract infection
  • Can cause acid rain
• Debris avalanche


  • Massive collapse of a volcano usually triggered by an earthquake or volcanic eruption
• Debris avalanche


  When a huge portion of the side of a volcano collapses due to slope failure, this results to massive destruction
• Tsunami


  • Sea waves or wave trains that are generated by sudden displacement of water
• Hydrometeorological hazards


  A process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services social and economic disruption or environmental damage
• El Nino


  A climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific ocean
• La Nina


  An irregularly recurring upwelling of unusually cold water to the ocean surface along the western coast of South America that often occurs following an El Nino and that disrupts typical regional and global weather patterns, especially in a manner opposite to that of El Nino
• Flood


  An overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry
• Tropical cyclone


  A rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low- pressure center, closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain
• Tornado


  A violently rotating column of air, in contact with the ground, either pendant from a cumuliform cloud or underneath a cumuliform cloud
• Storm surge


  A coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low pressure weather systems
• Fire hazards


  Conditions that favor fire development or growth
• Elements needed for fire

  • Oxygen
  • Fuel
  • Heat
• Fire triangle


  Illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel and oxygen
• Types of fires


  • Class A Fires - Ordinary/Light Materials
  • Class B Fires - Flammable Liquids
  • Class C Fires - Electrical Fires
  • Class D Fires - Metal Fires
  • Class K Fires - Kitchen Fires
• How to use a fire extinguisher

  1. Pull the pin in the handle

  2. Aim the Nozzle at the base of the of the fire

  3. Squeeze the lever slowly

  4. Sweep from side to side
• Types of fire extinguishers

  • Class A Fire Extinguishers - Contain water for use against fires involving ordinary combustibles like paper, wood, cloth, and mostly plastics
  • Class B Fire Extinguisher - Use dry chemicals to put out fires caused by gasoline, oil, and solvents
  • Class C Fire Extinguishers - Contain carbon dioxide for use against electrical fires
  • Class D Fire Extinguisher - Designed specifically for fires involving combustible metals such as magnesium, sodium, titanium, and potassium
  • Class K fire extinguishers - Specifically designed for fires that involve cooking oils, fats, or grease, which are typically found in commercial kitchens
• Smoke detectors


  • Require a flow of air in order to work well
• Heat detectors


  • Detects fires where there is no smoke activated by the significant increase of temperature associated with fire
• Flame detectors


  • React to the movement of flames
• Ash Fall

  • These are volcanic particles such as pulverized rock, minerals and silicon which has fine coarse grain.

  This formed during explosive volcanic eruption when dissolved gasses in magma escape violently into the atmosphere.
• Visually represents how these elements interact and depend on each other.

  Fire Triangle