At the end of this chapter, the students are expected to describe Aristotle's ethical points, largely on the concept of happiness, virtue, telos, and good habit
The formulation of Virtue Ethics is primarily grounded in the Greeks tradition, which demonstrates theories essential for moral development not onlyto the Westerners but also to the Easterners (Orientals) and to the entire morally capacitated beings in the world
At the end of this chapter, the students are expected to explain Aristotelian virtue ethics or Eudaimonism as different from Ethics of Care and Agent-based Theories
Virtue has become a compounding concept in ethics in the modern times not only due to the Greek forefathers, namely, Socrates, Plato and, more particularly, Aristotle, but also from its roots in a more ancient Chinese philosophy of Confucius
In virtue ethics, there are no universal principles that oblige the person to act because it is his duty to act or because the situation calls him to render good consequence
The Ethics of Care holds the idea that a moral action centers on social and environmental relationships in which care or kindness is considered as the main virtue
Virtue ethics lays emphasis on the role that character and virtue play in moral philosophy, rather than those which consider deliberate actions based on duty or on anticipated good consequences
Agent-Based Theories are unitary normative theories where the status of actions depends entirely on the moral status of an agent's motives and character traits
Ethics of care examines moral practices and values, focusing on moral development through the reformation of practices rather than the mere use of reason from abstract rules
Virtue ethics, in general, does not particularly deal with the rightness or wrongness of specific actions but guides the moral agent in seeking the "good"
Slote (2001: 38): 'An act is morally acceptable if and only if it comes from good or virtuous motivation involving benevolence or caring (about the well-being of others) or at least doesn't come from bad or inferior motivation involving malice or indifference to humanity'
Michael Slote (1983: 36): 'caring is the primary virtue and that a morality based on the motive of caring can offer a general account of right and wrong action'