Lesson 1

• Big Bang Theory


  The most accepted theory about the origin of the universe
• Primeval Atom Theory


  Proposed by Abbe Georges Edouard Lemaitre in 1931, envisioning the early universe as a small dot (singularity)
• Multiverse


  An enhanced version of the Big Bang Theory
• According to Bible: '“In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.” (Genesis 1:1)'
• Abbe Georges Edouard Lemaitre


  A Belgian astrophysicist and Priest who explained the space expansion of galaxies
• Steady State Theory


  The universe has always existed in a steady state, expanding constantly
• Oscillating Model Theory


  The universe is in a cycle of expanding and contracting, like a balloon being blown up and deflated
• Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is one of the strongest evidences of the Big Bang Theory, described as a radiation or a faint glow of light
• Vesto Melvin Slipher


  An American astronomer who noticed galaxies moving away from the earth
• Theories on the Origin of the Universe

  • Divine Creation Theory
  • Multiverse
  • Steady State Theory
  • Oscillating Universe Theory
  • Big Bang Theory
• Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson


  Proposed the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) as evidence for the Big Bang Theory
• Universe


  Refers to all of the time, space, matter, and energy. It holds everything from the tiniest particle to superclusters
• Edwin Hubble


  An American astronomer who proposed Hubble’s Law or Cosmic Expansion
• If the wavelength is shorter than the radio waves and bigger than infrared waves, it is called a microwave, which is the same wave that the CMB emits
• A proton has one down quark and two up quarks, while a neutron has two down quarks and one up quark
• Types of waves

  • Radio waves
  • Gamma rays
  • Visible light
  • Microwaves
• Annihilation is a reaction where a particle and its antiparticle collide and disappear, releasing energy
• Baryons are composed of three quarks, formed from the condensation of quarks and gluons
• He envisioned that as we go back to the early days of the universe, it started as a small dot (singularity)
• Cosmic inflation was characterized by an exponential expansion faster than the speed of light
• Subatomic particles and their antiparticles were formed, with most cancelling each other in a reaction called annihilation
• Annihilation is an example of energy and mass equivalence, represented by E (energy), m (mass), and c (speed of light)
• Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is one of the strongest evidences of the Big Bang Theory, described as a radiation or a faint glow of light that can be seen as a remnant from the cooling process in the early stage of the universe
• Everything happened in just a second
• According to scientists, the universe released strong or energetic radiation a few hundred thousand years after the Big Bang, and after 13 billion years, the radiation still travels but is not as strong as before, known as the CMB
• Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson proposed Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) in 1964 and won a Nobel Prize in 1978
• Matter was formed from energy, energy was released from matter-antimatter collision, and Baryogenesis is the formation of baryons like protons and neutrons
• Everything in the universe today was once in a singularity, an infinitely small, infinitely dense, and infinitely hot point
• Leptons (e.g., electrons) were formed between 1 to 10 seconds
• The shorter the wavelength, the more energetic it is; the longer the wavelength, the less energetic it is
• Photons are particles of light, a packet of electromagnetic radiation