Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations

• Ascariasis is also known as what?

  Sandbox infection
• What are the PULMONARY manifestations of Ascaris lumbricoides?

  Ascaris pneumonitis and Loeffler's syndrome
• What are the INTESTINAL manifestations of Ascaris lumbricoides?

  Pot belly and Ascaris bolus
• What are the EXTRA-INTESTINAL manifestations of Ascaris lumbricoides?

  Ascariasis, acute appendicitis or pancreatitis, and acute peritonitis
• Ascaris pneumonitis: Due to larval migration as they enter the air sacs causing immune hypersensitivity.
• What are the initial symptoms of Ascaris pneumonitis?

  difficulty of breathing, fever, and eosinophilia
• Severe Ascaris pneumonitis is manifested by what?

  dyspnea, dry productive cough, and X-ray scattered infiltration
• Ascaris pneumonitis can cause occasional what?

  hemoptysis
• Loeffler's syndrome: this disease has symptoms of marked eosinophilia plus pneumonitis, mild respiratory symptoms, and transient migratory pulmonary infiltrates
• Pot belly or ascaris bolus: Obstruction of adult worms in the intestine
• What is the common complaint in pot belly or ascaris obstruction?

  vague abdominal pain
• Moderate infections of Pot belly or ascaris bolus include what?

  lactose intolerance and vitamin A malabsorption
• Heavy pot belly or ascaris bolus infections: bowel obstruction, intussusception, bowel infarction and intestinal perforation.