Swine Production

• Pigs were domesticated from wild Eurasian pigs (Sus scrofa)
• Domesticated pigs

  • Reduced size
  • Manageability
  • Ability to have large numbers of off spring
• Chromosomes

  Pigs have 38 chromosomes (18 pairs of autosomal chromosomes together with either XX or XY sex chromosomes)
• Reasons for domestication of pigs

  • Pigs were domesticated from wild Eurasian pigs (Sus scrofa)
  • Selected for reduced size and manageability
  • Excellent scavengers, living on human refuse and whatever else they could find
  • Ability to have large numbers of offspring
• Pigs have 38 chromosomes (18 pairs of autosomal chromosomes together with either XX or XY sex chromosomes)
• Reasons for Pig Production

  • Pork is the world's most consumed meat
  • Pork is the most preferred animal meat product in the Philippines
  • Pork is a staple dish during fiestas
• Philippine Pork Industry: It accounts for about 55% of the total animal industry
• Philippine Pork Industry: Provides about 60% of the total animal meat consumption of Filipinos
• Philippine Pork Industry: 2nd largest contributor to the country's agriculture coming in second to rice
• Philippine Pork Industry: The Philippines is a top market for U.S. pork and variety meat exports
• Volume and Annual Growth Rate of Hog Production: Central Visayas was the top producer of hog with 67.66 thousand metric tons, liveweight or 15.0 percent share to the total hog production during the period
• Volume and Annual Growth Rate of Hog Production: CALABARZON with 59.81 thousand metric tons
• Volume and Annual Growth Rate of Hog Production: Northern Mindanao with 54.50 TMT
• Volume and Annual Growth Rate of Hog Production: Central Luzon with 46.16 TMT
• Volume and Annual Growth Rate of Hog Production: Davao Region with 36.16 TMT
• Number of hogs in farms Philippines 2012-2023 (in million heads): In 2023, the total number of hogs in farms in the Philippines amounted to approximately 9.77 million heads, reflecting an increase from the previous year's inventory
• Number of hogs in farms Philippines 2012-2023 (in million heads): The provinces of Central Luzon, CALABARZON, Western Visayas, and Northern Mindanao were the primary sources of the country's total hog population
• Number of pigs worldwide in 2023, by leading country (in million head): As of April 2023, China was home to the largest number of pigs of any country with over 450 million heads
• Number of pigs worldwide in 2023, by leading country (in million head): European Union and United States were second and third in the list, with over 134 and 74 million heads respectively
• Philippine Scale of Production

  • Backyard farms: less than 10 sows per household
  • Commercial farms: Small commercial (<100 sows), Medium-scale farms (100-300 sows), Large-scale farms (>300 sows)
• Trends in the Pork Industry: Preference for lean meat with less fat
• Trends in the Pork Industry: Preference for pork with minimal antibiotic residues
• Trends in the Pork Industry: Preference for fresh and fresh-chilled pork
• Trends in the Pork Industry: Preference for parts
• Trends in the Pork Industry: Emergence of small enterprises type of swine production system
• Trends in the Pork Industry: Globalization of biosecurity (due to Transboundary Animal Diseases or TADs)
• Trends in the Pork Industry: Increasing awareness of Animal Welfare
• Trends in the Pork Industry: Environmental compliance cost
• Constraints in the Pork Industry: Seasons: climate changes, typhoons, hot temperature
• Constraints in the Pork Industry: Supplies: increasing cost of inputs (corn as feeds, drugs)
• Constraints in the Pork Industry: Intensification of production: areas for swine production getting smaller due to housing land development (causes disease, other industry related problems like waste management, pollution, disease, etc)
• Constraints in the Pork Industry: Poor access to veterinary services
• Constraints in the Pork Industry: Poor market linkage
• Constraints in the Pork Industry: Disease challenge: PED, PRRS
• Inputs for swine production

  • Corn as feeds
  • Drugs
• Intensification of production

  Areas for swine production getting smaller due to housing land development (causes disease, other industry-related problems like waste management, pollution, disease, etc)
• Poor access to veterinary services
• Poor market linkage
• Diseases in swine production

  • PED
  • PRRS
  • CSF (Hog cholera)
  • African Swine Fever (ASF)
• Selection and Breeding in Pork Production

  1. Select boars, gilts based on reliable production records

  2. Criteria for selecting boars and gilts