Information Technology

• SUM


  Gives the product of adding two numeric cells
• IF


  Returns a value based on a logical test and the product of whether it is true or false
• COUNT


  Counts the number of cells containing numbers
• COUNTA


  Counts the number of cells containing anything except empty cells
• MIN


  Shows the minimum numeric value in a range
• MAX


  Shows the maximum numeric value in a range
• AVERAGE


  Gives the average product in a range
• DATE


  Gives the date
• COUNTIF


  Counts the data dependent on a logical test or meeting a specific criteria
• Charts

  • A chart is a visual representation of data of distances between data points or a pattern in the way we group or connect data points
  • Charts are subjective to the way the reader sees the world
• Column Charts


  Also known as Vertical Bar Charts, this is a data visualization of rectangles with their height being proportional to the values being plotted on the y-axis
• When to use Column Charts

  • Used to compare values across categories
  • Can be used to show changes over a period of time
  • Can be difficult to read if there are too many categories
• Bar Charts


  Rectangular horizontal bars used to compare data among categories where the data is proportional to the length of the bars
• When to use Bar Charts


  • If there are long titles to display for each category, a bar chart will make them more readable
  • Good when data is in categories
  • When comparing things over a period of time, it is better when the changes between times are larger
• Line Graph


  Also referred to as a line chart, these are graphical changes continuously over time where the line connects to different points and can ascend or descend based on the points
• Pie Chart


  A circular representation of numerical proportion. The length of each slice in the pie chart is proportional to the quantity it represents
• Pivot Table


  Shows the summary of information within a spreadsheet
• Creating a Pivot Table

  1. Go to insert

  2. Click Pivot Chart and Table (Do not select Grand Total when selecting the data)

  3. When selecting where the pivot table should be, select a cell under the data

  4. Client Type goes on the axis (row)

  5. Final Price goes on value (column)
• Excel Advanced Filter


  The advanced version of the regular filter. You can use this when you need to use multiple criteria or complex criteria to filter your data set
• The regular filter will only filter the existing dataset in place, while you can use advanced filter to extract the data set in place or to other location
• Excel Advanced Filter NOT only allows you to use single criteria but also facilitate the efficient use of multiple criteria or complex criteria
• You can use the Excel Advanced Filter to quickly extract unique records from your data set (or in other words remove duplicates)
• To do advanced filtering

  1. Create a criteria range or a rule

  2. The list range is the entire table including the title and the data

  3. To do filtering in multiple criterion: List Range, Criteria, Copy to, Click 'ok'

  4. Select/highlight the entire data set (Table Range) including the headers

  5. To open the Advanced Filter dialog box, click the Data tab → Sort & Filter → Advanced. Or press keyboard shortcut (Alt + A + Q)

  6. Action: Select the 'Copy to another location' option

  7. List Range: Make sure it refers to the dataset from which you want to find unique records (Entire Table range including the Header)

  8. Criteria Range: Leave this empty

  9. Copy To: Specify the cell address where you want to get the list of unique records

  10. Copy Unique Records Only: Check this option

  11. Click OK
• PMT Function


  Payment function is used to pay back loans. PMT, one of the financial functions, calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate
• PMT


  • =(rate,nper,pv,[fv],[type])
  • Rate: Interest rate (annually)
  • Nper = Total number of payments
  • Pv = The PV function returns the present value/principal value(amount owed) of an investment
  • Fv = A financial function that returns the future value of an investment
  • Type: Beginning of period [1] or End of period [0]
• Computer Specifications


  • Storage
  • Quality (sound and graphics)
  • Type of ports (knifejack[audio], USB port, serial port, HDMI)
  • Attraction
  • Size
  • Durability
  • Touchscreens
  • Portability
  • Resolution (number of pixels that are displayed per inch for an image)
  • Speed
  • Frames per second (Refresh Rate eg. 30fps- it is laggy)
• General Requirements for: (Sims4, Need For Speed:Carbon, Microsoft Word, Zoom and AutoCAD)


  • RAM: 16+ GB
  • Processor: 3+GHz
  • Display Card: 4+GB
  • Resolution
• Software


  Another name for the programs that run on a computer. A program is a series of computer instructions which tells the computer what to do
• Main Categories of Software


  • Application Software
  • Systems Software
• Application Software


  Programs that enable the computer to carry out one or more specific tasks
• Types of Application Software


  • General-purpose software
  • Custom-written software
  • Specialized software
  • Integrated software
  • Open Source Software
• General-purpose software


  Also known as 'off the shelf' software. This is the most popular application programs that are used by organizations, businesses, schools and by individuals at home
• Custom-written software


  Also known as 'tailor-made'. This is software written to meet the specific needs of a company
• Specialized software


  This is written solely for a specific task
• Integrated software


  This is a term used to describe a program that includes the major types of applications such as word processing, spreadsheets, database, presentation programs etc. and brings them together into a single software package
• Open Source Software


  This is a program where you can access the source code of the program and be abl to edit the way in which it works
• Systems Software


  The operating system and utility programs are the two major categories of system software
• Utility Programs


  • Virus scanning software
  • Backup software
  • Scandisk
  • Disk defragmenter
• Virus Scanning Software (Anti-virus software)


  A utility program designed to protect your computer from computer viruses
• Backup software


  Software that assists you in backing up your files, including the entire computer hard disk