Lesson 6

• The 12th of June of every year since 1898 is a very important event for all the Filipinos
• 1898 is as equally important as 1896—the year when the Philippine Revolution broke out
• 1872 was a historic year due to the 1872 Cavite Mutiny and the martyrdom of Fathers Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA)
• The 1872 Cavite Mutiny led to the execution of GOMBURZA, a major factor in the awakening of nationalism among Filipinos
• Jose Montero y Vidal documented the 1872 Cavite Mutiny as an attempt of the Indios to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines
• Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo's official report magnified the 1872 Cavite Mutiny and implicated the native clergy
• The abolition of privileges enjoyed by the workers of Cavite arsenal was cited as a main reason for the "revolution" in 1872
• Other causes of the 1872 event included the Spanish Revolution, democratic, liberal, and republican books reaching the Philippines, and the presence of the native clergy
• Izquierdo blamed the Spanish Press for spreading malicious propaganda grasped by the Filipinos
• Izquierdo reported that the rebels wanted to overthrow the Spanish government to install new leaders like Fathers Burgos and Zamora
• The native clergy were accused of enticing participants with promises of rewards and assurance of success
• The event of 1872 was seen as a big conspiracy among educated leaders, mestizos, abogadillos, residents of Manila and Cavite, and the native clergy
• The alleged pre-concerted signal among the conspirators of Manila and Cavite was the firing of rockets from the walls of Intramuros
• On 20 January 1872, the district of Sampaloc celebrated the feast of the Virgin of Loreto with fireworks displays, which were mistaken by those in Cavite
• The district of Sampaloc celebrated the feast of the Virgin of Loreto

  20 January 1872
• Participants to the feast celebrated the occasion with the usual fireworks displays
• Participants in Cavite mistook the fireworks as the sign for the attack
• A 200-men contingent headed by Sergeant Lamadrid launched an attack targeting Spanish officers at sight and seized the arsenal
• News reached Gov. Izquierdo


  He ordered the reinforcement of Spanish forces in Cavite to quell the revolt
• The “revolution” was easily crushed when the expected reinforcement from Manila did not come ashore
• Major instigators including Sergeant Lamadrid were killed in the skirmish
• The GOMBURZA were tried by a court-martial and were sentenced to die by strangulation
• Patriots like Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Jose and Pio Basa and other abogadillos were suspended from the practice of law, arrested, and sentenced with life imprisonment at the Marianas Island
• Gov. Izquierdo dissolved the native regiments of artillery and ordered the creation of an artillery force to be composed exclusively of the Peninsulares
• The GOMBURZA were executed

  17 February 1872
• The event served as one of the moving forces that shaped Filipino nationalism
• Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo de Tavera wrote the Filipino version of the incident in Cavite
• According to Tavera, the incident was a mere mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal who were dissatisfied with the abolition of their privileges
• Tavera blamed Gov. Izquierdo’s policies for the mutiny
• About 200 men comprised of soldiers, laborers of the arsenal, and residents of Cavite rose in arms and assassinated the commanding officer and Spanish officers in sight
• The insurgents were expecting support from the bulk of the army, but it didn’t happen
• Authorities in Manila were informed about the mutiny and Gen. Izquierdo ordered the reinforcement of Spanish troops in Cavite
• Tavera believed that the Spanish friars and Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a lever by magnifying it as a full-blown conspiracy
• The Central Government in Madrid announced its intention to deprive the friars of all powers of intervention in matters of civil government and the direction and management of educational institutions
• The Central Government of Spain welcomed an educational decree authored by Segismundo Moret promoting the fusion of sectarian schools run by the friars into a school called Philippine Institute
• The decree proposed to improve the standard of education
• The Central Government of Spain welcomed an educational decree authored by Segismundo Moret


  Promoted the fusion of sectarian schools run by the friars into a school called Philippine Institute
• Educational decree proposed by Segismundo Moret


  Improve the standard of education in the Philippines by requiring teaching positions in sectarian schools to be filled by competitive examinations
• Most Filipinos warmly received the improvement in education despite the native clergy's zest for secularization
• The friars feared their influence in the Philippines would diminish

  Took advantage of the incident and presented it as a vast conspiracy to the Spanish Government