Philosophical

• Philosophical Bases of special education


  The general philosophy is that all people have the ability to learn, regardless of their particular disabilities
• Inclusivity


  The practice or policy of including people who might otherwise be excluded, such as those with physical and mental disabilities
• Equality

  All people will be treated fairly, irrespective of their age, sex, or race
• Inclusive education allows children with special needs to receive a free and appropriate education along with non-disabled students in the regular classroom
• Inclusion philosophy


  Rests on the idea that every individual, regardless of his/her disabilities, has the right to be incorporated fully into the fabric of society
• Inclusion


  The keystone of today’s education which applies to accommodate or include all human beings
• 4 principles of equality

  • The right to recognition of the equal worth and equal dignity of each human being
  • The right to equality before the law
  • The right to equal protection and benefit of the law
  • The right to be treated with the same respect
• The Principle of Inclusivity


  • Acknowledge that individuals have unique and particular needs in the learning and work environment
  • Respect each individual's right to express and present themselves relative to their religion, culture, ethnic background, sexual orientation, gender identity, physical and mental ability
  • Promote inclusivity by reasonably adjusting procedures, activities, and physical environments
  • Focus on the capability of the individual without assumptions or labels
• Equality in Education


  • Sameness in terms of access to education and uniform distribution of educational opportunities
  • Freedom to develop personal abilities and make educational choices irrespective of differences in behavior, aspirations, and needs
  • Where there is equality: no stereotypes, rigid gender roles, and prejudices that limit a student to perform at his or her fullest potential
• Inclusion in Education

  • Based on universal declarations reflecting universal human rights and the rights of children
  • Based on the four twenty-first-century pillars of education: Learning to know, Learning to do, Learning to be, and Learning to live together (UNESCO, 2009)
• The Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN, 1989) stresses the need to eliminate discrimination against children with disabilities. It emphasizes access to education and training, health care services, rehabilitation services, employment, and recreation opportunities, conducive environment for enabling the child to achieve the fullest possible social, cognitive, emotional, cultural, and spiritual development and creative capacities