POLGOV Q1

• Politics

  The exercise of power, the science of government, the making of collective decisions, the allocation of scarce resources, and the practice of deception and manipulation
• Aristotle: 'Politics is "the master science"'
• Harold Laswell: 'Politics is the study of "who gets what, when and how"'
• Aristotle wrote the first systematic work focused on political affairs known as the "Politics" and is named the Father of Political Science
• Niccolo Machiavelli: 'Known as the Father of Modern Political Science, wrote "The Prince"'
• Prof. Francis Lieber: 'Wrote "Manual of Political Ethics", the first systematic treatise on political science'
• Teodoro M. Kalaw is the first Filipino student of politics and defined political science in his Manual Ciencia Politica in 1918
• Political science falls into the larger academic category of social sciences, which study how people interact with and relate to one another
• Politics is a process aimed at preserving values and is about gaining and managing power
• Society is a large group of people that interact and share a territory, governed by culture and politics
• Political science is closely related to the study of history, with history depending on political science for knowledge about the political dimensions of historical events
• Culture is the product of shared values among every member of a society
• Political culture


  The set of attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments that give order and meaning to a political process and govern behavior in the political system
• Political corruption is the use of powers for illegitimate private gain, conducted by government officials or their network contacts
• When corruption is embedded in political culture, it may be referred to as patrimonialism or neopatrimonialism
• A government is the elected body of representatives headed by a person with the mandate to rule or govern people
• Government may be of different types, such as democracy or autocracy, with most modern governments being democratic
• Governance was defined as "the process of deci
• Government


  The elected body of representatives headed by a person with the mandate to rule or govern people
• Types of government

  • Democracy
  • Autocracy
• Governance


  The process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented)
• Contexts of governance

  • Corporate governance
  • International governance
  • National governance
  • Local governance
• Characteristics of Good Governance

  • Participation
  • Rule of law
  • Transparency
  • Responsiveness
  • Consensus orientation
  • Equity
  • Effectiveness and efficiency
  • Accountability
• Philippine Constitution Art.98, Sec. 6, A free and open Party system shall be allowed to evolve according to the free choice of the people

  1987
• Ideologies


  A set of related beliefs about political theory and policy held by individuals or groups, forming the basis of how they view the world and the role of government
• Political Ideology


  A set of ideas and principles explaining how society should work and the proper role of government
• Characteristics of Political Ideology

  • Ideologies have their levels end in -ism
  • Ideologies provide an explanation for problems and offer a futuristic vision
  • Ideology is action-oriented
  • Ideologies mobilize a large number of people
• Functions of Ideologies

  • Ideologies address basic human psychological needs
  • Ideology provides believers with a sense of understanding history
  • Ideology is essential
  • Ideology is powerful
• Political Ideologies

  • Conservatism
  • Fundamentalism
  • Liberalism
• Conservatism

  Promotes the preservation of traditional social institutions by accepting hierarchy in the social order/classes to secure stability and continuity in society
• Fundamentalism is one type of conservatism where religious conservatives react to preserve their way of life
• Liberalism


  Derived from the word "liber" meaning "free men", emphasizing liberty, equality, individual welfare, civil rights, and social change within democratic political systems
• Features of Liberalism

  • Individualism
  • Freedom
  • Democracy
  • Free Market
  • Secular Government
• Types of Liberalism

  • Classical Liberalism
  • Conservative Liberalism
• Principles of Liberalism

  • Individualism - Civil Rights
  • Freedom - Freedom of Speech, Assembly, Religion etc.
  • Democracy - Equality, Reason and Toleration
  • Free Market - Capitalism, Property Rights, Competition
  • Secular Government - Republic, Civil Service
• Types of Liberalism

  • Classical Liberalism (Republican Party)
  • Conservative Liberalism
  • Libertarian
  • Cultural Liberalism
  • National Liberalism
  • Economic Liberalism (Capitalism)
  • Social Liberalism
  • Neo-Liberalism
• Nationalism is an ideology that promotes the interest of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation’s sovereignty and self-determination
• Goals of Nationalism

  • Self-Determination
  • National Identity
  • Gov’t Control of National Wealth
  • National Interest
  • National Development
• Socialism prefers cooperation over competition within society and adheres to social equality to minimize or abolish class division between the rich and the poor
• Features of Socialism

  • Public Ownership of Means of Production
  • Centralized Planning
  • Social Equality
  • Social Security/Social Welfare
  • Collective Ownership of Property