Modes of transmission

• Fomites are non-living things that can carry pathogens from one person to another.
• Indirect contact involves touching contaminated objects or surfaces, such as doorknobs, keyboards, and telephones.
• Direct contact is the most common mode of transmission.
• Direct contact is the transfer of microorganisms directly between two individuals through physical touch.
• Airborne transmission occurs when infectious agents become airborne and enter the body via inhalation.
• Direct contact is the transfer of infectious agents through physical touch or close proximity, such as handshakes, hugging, kissing, sexual intercourse, and sharing personal items like towels, razors, toothbrushes, and clothing.
• Droplet spread occurs when infected respiratory droplets are propelled into the air by coughing, sneezing, talking, singing, shouting, laughing, crying, yawning, vomiting, spitting, and breathing heavily.
• Airborne transmission occurs through airborne droplets and dust particles.
• Droplet nuclei are small particles containing viruses or bacteria that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time.
• Indirect contact involves touching contaminated objects (fomites) and then touching your mouth, nose, eyes, or broken skin.
• Droplet nuclei are small particles produced when droplets evaporate.
• The droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, talking, singing, and breathing contain large numbers of virus particles.
• Infected individuals may shed large numbers of organisms during their illness, making them highly contagious.
• The spread of infectious diseases occurs when an infected individual comes into close contact with a susceptible host.
• Vectors are organisms that transmit infectious agents between hosts.