WEEK 3 PPT

• Capacity: defined as a combination of all strengths and resources available within a community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or effects of a disaster
• 4 types of vulnerability: 1. physical vulnerability, 2. social vulnerability, 3. economic vulnerability, 4. environmental vulnerability
• physical vulnerability: determined by aspects such as population density levels, remoteness of a settlement, the site, design materials used for critical infrastructure and for housing.
• types of facilities (EITU):

  1. Essential facilities
  2. Industrial and High Potential loss facilities
  3. Transport Lifelines
  4. Utility Lifelines
• Essential Facilities: Educational facilities, Medical and health care (like hospitals and clinics), Emergency response (like fire station, police station, and evacuation shelters), government offices, recreational or tourist facilities (like hotels, resort, parks, sporting areas), Places of worship (churches or mosque), Banks and financial centers, markets and shopping centers, cemeteries
• Industrial and High Potential loss facilities: Dams and ponds; fuel reservoirs; pipelines and pumps; power generating plants and lines; multi-purpose hydropower plants, water tanks and lines; food processing facilities.
• transport lifelines: Highways, bridges, railway tracks and tunnels; bus facilities; port and harbor facilities; airport facilities
• Utility Lifelines: Potable water facilities, wastewater facilities, pipelines and distribution lines; oil and natural gas systems, pipelines and distribution lines; electric power and distribution lines; communication facilities (stations) and distribution lines (cables and network).
• Social Vulnerability: refers to the inability of people, organizations, and societies to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions, and systems of cultural values.
• economic vulnerability: The level of vulnerability is highly relative to the economic status of individuals, communities, and nations. The poor and marginalized society are considered the least prepared due to lack of access to education and information.
• environmental vulnerability: Depletion of natural resources are the key aspects in this type of vulnerability. Protection and conservation measures must be taken seriously to reduce natural disaster risk and vulnerability.
• demographic factors: population density, age and gender, distribution of population
• Population density: This pertains to the number of people living in an area, the denser the population the it requires amount of disaster preparedness, government support and relief operations in the event of disaster. (Population Density = Number of people/Land Area)
• age and gender: youngest and oldest of the population are the most vulnerable because of they lack the physical and mental strength to endure, escape, and survive the disaster. 
• Distribution of population: Concentrations of vulnerable population that settles in disadvantage locations is a factor that increases vulnerability.
• Different sectors(DSCD): demographic factors, socio-economic factors, community preparedness, dealing with the after effects
• Socio-Economic Factors (ewn): Education, Wealth, Nature of Society
• Education- equipped with knowledge people would be able to know what to do during calamities.
• Wealth- Disadvantage families /low-income populations is likely to have a hard time doing preparations due to lack of financial capacity to buy basic necessities
• Nature of society- understanding the area is a prime consideration in planning disaster risk management.
• Building codes: following the set of regulations governing the design and construction of structures must be seriously by government in issuing building permits.
• Scientific monitoring and early warning system: Effective early warning system  devices must be provided to rural areas so dissemination of accurate information before, during and after the calamity will be properly coordinated.
• communication networks- accessibility to communication networks allows information to be quickly shared. 
• emergency planning- this prepares a person or a group for an event and take actions based on data
• insurance cover: protection against financial losses from catastrophic event is one way of being prepared
• emergency personnel: availability of trained personnel should be taken into consideration ask part of disaster risk mitigation, reductions, and management. 
• aid requests: humanitarian help from outside organization is important during disaster. It should be fast and efficient otherwise this will not reach to those affected by disaster.