Lecture Notes

• What topics does the lecture cover?

  Memory and number development
• What are the learning goals for memory development?

  • Understand types of memory processes
  • Describe factors influencing memory development
  • Inform treatment of child eyewitnesses
• How does memory development influence cognitive development?

  It impacts learning and other cognitive processes
• What is explicit memory also known as?

  Declarative memory
• What is implicit memory also known as?

  Procedural memory
• What type of explicit memory involves stored facts and general knowledge?

  Semantic memory
• What type of explicit memory involves particular events?

  Episodic memory
• What type of explicit memory involves personal life experiences?

  Autobiographical memory
• What are the definitions of encoding, storage, and retrieval?

  • Encoding: Processing stimulus to form representation
  • Storage: Transferring information to short-term/long-term memory
  • Retrieval: Bringing information out of storage when needed
• What is recognition in memory?

  Identifying elements of an event previously stored
• What is recall in memory?

  Retrieving information without prompts
• What are the parts of the lecture on infant memory development?

  1. Early recognition
  2. Early recall
• What are the parts of the lecture on children's memory development?

  1. Knowledge and language development
  2. Memory strategies
  3. Metamemory
• What are the parts of the lecture on eyewitness testimony?

  1. Suggestibility
  2. False memory
• When does memory development start?

  Early in infancy
• What do habituation tests provide evidence for?

  Early recognition abilities in infants
• What can prenatal infants recognize?

  Familiar auditory stimuli
• What do neonates habituate to?

  Repeated shapes
• What did Morgan & Hayne (2006) test in their study?

  Visual recognition in 1- and 4-year-olds
• What did Morgan & Hayne manipulate in their study?

  Length of familiarisation phase
• What did Morgan & Hayne measure in their study?

  Speed of encoding and retention
• What did the results show for 1-year-olds in the study?

  Recognized stimulus with 10s familiarisation
• What did the results show for 4-year-olds in the study?

  Recognized stimulus with 5s familiarisation
• What does the study tell us about memory processes development?

  1-year-olds have basic recognition, 4-year-olds advanced
• What are the conclusions about children's memory development?

  • Speed of encoding increases with age
  • Retention for recognition increases with age
  • Greater familiarisation time enhances encoding
• What is deferred imitation?

  Repeating an action after a delay
• What does deferred imitation indicate?

  Stored and retained memory of an action
• What did Herbert et al. (2006) test in their study?

  Deferred imitation in 6- and 9-month-olds
• What were the results for 6-month-olds in the study?

  Recall action immediately, not after 24 hrs
• What were the results for 9-month-olds in the study?

  Recall action immediately and after 24 hrs
• What do the results indicate about recall ability?

  Increases with age
• What did Herbert (2011) test in their study?

  Flexibility of memory representations in infants
• What were the results regarding infants' recall of actions?

  Infants recalled actions with narration cues
• What do the conclusions indicate about recall actions?

  Increases with age and retrieval cues help
• What is the overall picture of memory development in infancy?

  • Increased ability and retention with age
  • Use of language and visual cues aids memory
• What is childhood amnesia?

  Difficulty in recalling early nonverbal memories
• What is a key factor in overcoming childhood amnesia?

  Development of a sense of self
• How does language development affect memory?

  Shifts from nonverbal to verbal encoding
• What did Simcock & Hayne (2002) test in their study?

  Accessibility of preverbal memories in children
• What was the event children participated in during the study?

  Magic Shrinking Machine