Theories

• Globalization is a term used to describe the increasing connectedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies
• Globalization is the process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries with goods, services, investments, and technology moving between countries
• Theories on Globalization

  • Postmodernism
  • Feminism
  • Liberalism
  • Eclecticism
  • Transformationalism
  • Political Realism
  • Marxism
  • Constructivism
• Liberalism theory


  • Emphasizes economic interconnectedness, open trade, and free markets contributing to globalization
  • Believes globalization increases efficiency, production, prosperity, promotes international cooperation, and spreads democratic values
• Political Realism theory


  • Emphasizes power and self-interest determining globalization dynamics
  • Believes countries pursue interests on a global scale driven by the desire for increased economic and military clout, leading to instability and war
• Marxism theory


  • States that capitalist elites' interests drive globalization, leading to worker exploitation and increased economic disparities
  • Believes global economy favors the wealthy at the expense of the underprivileged
• Constructivism theory


  • Highlights how ideas and social norms influence globalization
  • Contends that shared cultural practices, values, and beliefs cause globalization, facilitating the spread of new ideas and supporting cultural variety
• Globalisation has also been explained as

  A strategy in the contest for power between several major states in contemporary world politics
• Stefanie Mae Escandor: 'Learning Objectives: Identify the different Theories of Globalization, Understand the Theories of Globalization, Describe how Theories of Globalization influence the world'
• Globalization is a process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries
• Factors shaping the effects of globalization

  • Political
  • Economic
  • Social
  • Environmental dynamics
• Globalization has led to increased interconnectedness and opportunities for many
• Globalization has raised concerns about inequality, sustainability, and the preservation of cultural diversity
• Understanding and managing the effects of globalization require a comprehensive and multidimensional approach
• Postmodernism questions the concept of a single, objective reality and highlights the significance of cultural variation and difference
• Postmodern thinkers contend that globalization causes cultures to become more homogeneous and local traditions to disintegrate
• Postmodernism views globalization as a process that gives rise to new varieties of cultural hybridity and identity
• Feminism emphasizes the influence of gender and gender inequality on globalization
• Feminist theorists contend that the effects of globalization are gendered, with women frequently bearing the brunt of societal and economic change
• Feminism theory states that globalization may both empower and disempower women
• Transformationalism theory highlights the transforming potential of globalization
• Transformationalists believe that globalization is a process of social and cultural change that can lead to multiple identities and communities
• Transformationalism theory states that globalization fosters the dissemination of democratic ideals and the expansion of civil society
• Eclecticism theory highlights the importance of utilizing a variety of theoretical viewpoints to understand the intricate and multidimensional nature of globalization
• Eclectic theorists believe that no one theory can adequately account for all the social, economic, and cultural forces influencing globalization
• Eclecticism theory regards the process of globalization as requiring a complex, interdisciplinary approach