HS-3

• Terms to define


  • Skills
  • Helping
  • Professional
• Skills


  • The ability to use one's knowledge effectively and readily in execution or performance
  • Coordination especially in the execution of learned physical tasks
  • A learned power of doing something competently
  • A developed aptitude or ability
• Types of Skills


  • Functional skills
  • Special knowledge skills
  • Self-management skills
• Functional skills are abilities or talents that are inherited at birth and developed through experience and learning
• Functional skills are those having to do with mastering a specific body of information related to a particular type of work, profession, occupation, educational, or leisure activity
• Special knowledge skills are characteristics that help an individual to feel and be more productive. Examples include problem-solving, resisting stress, communicating clearly, managing time, strengthening memory, and exercising often
• Self-management skills are abilities that help an individual to be more productive. Examples include problem-solving, resisting stress, communicating clearly, managing time, strengthening memory, and exercising often
• Helping


  • To give assistance or support
  • To provide with something that is useful or necessary in achieving an end
• Helping


  A type of prosocial behavior in which one or more individuals act to improve the status or well-being of one or more others
• Helping behavior is typically in response to a small request that involves little individual risk, but all helping behavior incurs some cost to the individual providing it
• Helping in the field of psychology involves Egoism, Altruism, Collectivism, and Principlism
• Types of prosocial behavior

  • Egoism
  • Altruism
  • Collectivism
  • Principlism
• Ethical Egoism is an ethical position that claims it is always right to do what would benefit you the most. It is morally good to do whatever will give the best outcome for you. Rational Egoism claims that someone who acts in their own self-interest is logical or rational
• Principlism is an established approach in the field of helping professions, based on a set of values that include respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice
• Categories of people who use counselling skills

  • Professional counsellors and psychotherapists
  • Paraprofessional counsellors
  • Voluntary counsellors
  • Counselling, psychotherapy, and helping trainees
• Voluntary settings where individuals with training in counselling skills work

  • Youth counselling services
  • Church-related agencies
  • Numerous other voluntary agencies
• Trainees using counselling skills on supervised placements

  Part of counselling, psychotherapy, and helping courses
• Helpers using counselling skills as part of their jobs

  Main focus may be nursing, teaching, pastoral work, supervising, managing, providing services such as finance, law, funerals, trade union work, etc.
• Peer helpers using counselling skills


  Part of peer helping or support networks covering areas of diversity such as culture, race, sexual orientation, and focused support for women or men
• Informal helpers


  Opportunity to assist others in roles like partner, parent, relative, friend, or work colleague
• Availability of helpers doesn't guarantee helpfulness; qualities like effectiveness, skill, organization, and seriousness of manner are essential
• Professional means: 'Having the qualities that you connect with trained and skilled people, such as effectiveness, skill, organization, and seriousness of manner'
• Definition of a guidance counselor as per the Professional Regulatory Board of Guidance and Counseling and the Professional Regulatory Commission
• Definition of Counseling
• Who are HELPERS


  • All those engaged in using counselling and helping skills, whether professionals or not
• Professionalization of counselling and psychotherapy impacts the usage of the term 'helper'
• Usage of the term 'helper' in a restricted sense to include those offering counselling skills without being qualified and accredited counsellors or psychotherapists
• Examples of non-accredited professionals using counselling skills: nurses, social workers, probation officers, school teachers
• Definition of Counseling as a relationship and a repertoire of interventions
• Central qualities of good counseling relationships: empathic understanding, respect, acceptance, congruence, active listening
• Counseling emphasizes self-help, aiming to help clients help themselves
• Counseling


  • Emphasizes self-help
  • Emphasizes choice
  • Focuses on problems of living
• Helping


  1. Overriding aim is to help clients help themselves

  2. Notion of personal responsibility is at the heart of effective helping and self-help
• Choice


  Throughout their lives, people are choosers and helping aims to help clients become better choosers
• Focus of helping


  • Primarily on the choices required for developmental tasks, transitions, and individual tasks of ordinary people rather than on the needs of the moderately to severely disturbed minority
• Developmental tasks


  • Tasks which people face at different stages of their lives
• Transition


  • Can be positive or negative, such as getting promoted or getting fired
• Individual tasks


  • Represent the existential idea of people creating their lives through their daily choices
• What Makes Counseling Effective?
• Factors affecting counseling outcome

  • Counselor’s model and techniques (15%)
  • Client’s making appointment (15%)
  • Client’s belief in counselor's warmth, trustworthiness, nonjudgmental attitude, and empathy (30%)
  • Client’s own strengths, resources, duration of complaint, and social support (40%)