Philippine Indigenous Communities

• native o original habitat

  katutubo
• Indigenous People

  Always in the margins/marginalized
• No tribes in the Philippines because tribes are patriarchal
• One noticeable difference among indigenous people is their language
• ILO Convention No. 169: Objective criteria for identification

  1. Descent from populations which inhabited the country or region at the time of conquest, colonization or establishment of state boundaries

  2. Irrespective of their legal status retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions

  3. Self-identification shall be regarded as a fundamental criterion for determining the groups
• Out group


  Group not belonging to the main group
• In group


  Groups within the main group
• Each indigenous person has an ancestral domain
• Tinggian

  • Highland + Lowland
• Maasai


  • Tribal group in Africa
• Indigenous World View

  • Ecocentric: human is part of nature
  • Abstract: unconditional view
  • Communal: land
  • Community centered: group ownership is everyone's
  • Cyclical: everything is relative and has a certain pattern
• Culture - No human society can exist and develop without its culture
• Geographic determinism dictates the surroundings
• Types of Culture

  • Material Culture: material and physical objects
  • Non-material Culture: non-material objects
  • Real Culture- observable by outgroup
  • Ideal Culture- Alam ng ingroup, not seen ng outgroup
• Edward B. Tylor: '“Culture is the complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs and habits and any capabilities acquired by man as a member of society”'
• Robert Redfield: '“Culture is social heredity”'
• John Beattee: '“Culture is the way of life which is transmitted from generation to generation”'
• Linton: 'Culture is social heredity'
• John Beattee: 'Culture is the way of life which is transmitted from generation to generation'
• Types of Culture

  • Material Culture - material and physical objects
  • Non-material Culture - non-material objects
  • Real Culture - can be observed in our social life
  • Ideal Culture - a pattern to the people
• Real Culture


  Can be observed in our social life. We act upon in our daily life is real culture
• Ideal Culture


  A pattern to the people. It is the goal of society and never achieved fully because some parts remain out of practice
• Characteristics of Culture

  • Culture is learned
  • Culture is socially transmitted through language
  • Culture is shared
  • Culture is transmitted
  • Culture is changing
• Culture is learned


  • It is acquired through education, training, and experience
• Culture is socially transmitted through language


  • It is transmitted from one generation to another through the medium of language, verbal or non-verbal through gestures or signs, orally or in writing
• Culture is shared


  • All the traits, attitudes, ideas, knowledge, and material objects are shared by members of society
• Culture is transmitted


  • All the culture traits and objects are transmitted among the members of society continually
• Culture is changing


  • It constantly undergoes change and adapts itself to the environments
• Components of Culture

  • Guidelines people are supposed to follow in their relationship with one another
  • Indicate what people should or should not do in specific situations
  • Indicate the standard of propriety, morality, legality, and ethics of a society
• Norms


  • Indicate how a person should behave when there are people around
• Folkways


  • Everyday habits, customs, traditions, and conventions people obey
• Mores


  • Special customs with moral and ethical significance
• Laws


  • Formalized norms enacted by people vested with legitimate authority
• Ideas


  • Non-material aspects of culture embodying man's conception of his physical, social, and cultural world
• Beliefs


  • A person's conviction about a certain idea
• Law

  INSTITUTION+ CODIFIED+ PRESCRIBED PUNISHMENT
• Three kind of norms differ based on sanction, negative or positive
• Ideas


  Non-material aspects of culture embodying man's conception of his physical, social, and cultural world
• Beliefs


  A person's conviction about a certain idea
• Values


  Abstract concepts of what is important and worthwhile, general ideas shared by individuals about what is good or bad