elements & principles

• Elements of Art - stylistic features that are included within an art piece to help the artist communicate.
• Line - A mark that spans a distance between two points, taking any form along the way. It pertains to the use of marks, outlines, and implied lines to define shape in two-dimensional work.

  Examples include straight, curved, diagonal, zigzag, dashed, dotted, horizontal, perpendicular, wavy, and outline.
• Form - Created by the forming of two or more three-dimensional shapes (cube, pyramid, sphere, etc.). Form is considered three-dimensional, showing height, width, and depth.

  Examples include theater plays, sculptures, and figurines.
• Texture - The quality of a surface or the way any work is represented. Line and shading are used to create different textures.

  For example, textures are crucial in portraying fabrics realistically.
• Shape - Pertains to the use in two-dimensional space that can be defined by the edges, setting one flat specific

  space apart from another.

  Shapes can be geometric (e.g., square, circle, triangle, hexagon) or organic (e.g., puddle, blob, leaf, boomerang).

  • geometric
  • organic
• Space - Refers to how shapes are arranged in an artwork, creating a sense of space.

  • It includes positive space (focused on the subject or object) and
  • negative space (the empty space around the subject or object), further divided into foreground, midground, and background.
• Color: Involves light and is produced when light waves strike an object and are reflected into our eyes. It consists of hue, value, and intensity, with

  • hue describing color,
  • value describing overall intensity or lightness/darkness, and
  • intensity (chroma) representing the strength or dominance of the hue.
• Value - Deals with the lightness or darkness of a color. It is essential in art as it helps in perceiving objects and understanding their form.

  
• Principles - art represents how the artist uses the elements of art to create an effect and to help convey the artist's intent.
• Balance - The arrangement of elements to create a feeling of stability. It can be symmetrical (mirrored on both sides) or asymmetrical (not mirrored).
• Rhythm - Regular repetition of elements to produce the look and feel of movement.
• Pattern - Repeated use of elements to create movement, rhythm, or unity in an artwork.
• Emphasis - The focal point of an image or where an art or thing stands out the most.
• Contrast - Refers to the arrangement of opposite elements and effects to create variety, visual interest, and drama.
• Unity - Gives the artwork a sense of cohesion or coherence, tying the composition together to make it a whole piece of art
• Movement - Creates the impression of action in a work of art, either in a single component or the entire composition, depending on the other elements and principles of art used.
• Movement - Creates the impression of action in a work of art, either in a single component or the entire composition, depending on the other elements and principles of art used.