social groups

• social identity theory - people categorise themselves into different groups, which gives them an identity
• Mary Richmond


  First social worker who used social action in 1922
• social action - organized efforts to change and improve social, political, and economic institutes
• Max Weber - taking steps to change the things that are wrong in the society and introducing new ideas and processes
• Negatives of Bureaucracy

  1. Buck Passing
  2. Red Tape
• Buck Passing - not taking/accepting the blame, bureaucrats seek means of exonerating themselves from blamer, it originated from poker.
• charismatic authority - the ability to inspire and motivate others through their personality and charisma
• rational-legal authority - the authority of the law and the legal system, goal oriented for the benefit of society
• 3 types of authority according to Max Weber - Traditional, Charismatic, Rational-Legal
• Traditional Authority - legitimated by the sanctity of tradition, the ability to rule is hereditary.
• Authority - The power to make decisions and to enforce them.
• Legitimacy - the extent to which a person or group is accepted as having the right to make decisions
• Social groups according to organization - Network group
• Network group - group of occasional contact, lacks a sense of boundaries and belonging
• In group - social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty.
• out group - the group that is different from the in group, they are seen as less desirable and competition.
• social groups according to identification - reference group, in group, out group
• reference group - reference in making evaluations, like fashion models in magazines.
• social groups based on nature - primary, secondary
• primary group - smaller, encompassed by friends and family or social ties.
• secondary group - larger, pursue a specific goal
• groups - collection of human beings, artificial, voluntary membership, organized
• society - system of social relationships, natural growth, compulsary membership, may be unorganized
• social groups - two or more people who have common objects of attention
• characteristics of social groups - reciprocal relationship, sense of unity and sympathy, we-feeling, group norms
• value rationality action - the value of the action is more important than the action itself, striving for substansive goal , which in itself may not be rational.
• means ends rationality action - both goals and means are rationally chosen
• types of social action - traditional, value rationality, means ends rationality, affectual
• traditional action - the action of a person or group that is accepted as the norm, guided by the customary habits of thoughts by reliance to "the eternal yesterday"
• red tape - excessive and rigid conformity to formal rules
• RA no. 9485 or the anti-red tape act of 2007 aims to improve efficiency of government service by reducing bureaucratic red tape
• internal relations theory - tendency of nation states to refuse to confront a growing threat in the hopes another state will
• US President Harry Truman used the phrase "The buck stops here." to mark the end of buck passing after realizing that the president has to make the decisions