Reading & Writing

• Reading

  •The complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct and derive meaning.

  •It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing of information and ideas
• TECHNIQUE

  •is a way of doing something by using special knowledge or skill
• READING TECHNIQUES

  •are the styles, systems or practices in decoding symbols for better comprehension for communication, sharing of information and ideas
• SKIMMING

  •method of rapidly moving the eyes over text with the purpose of getting only the main ideas and a general overview of the content
• SCANNING

  •rapidly covers a great deal of material in order to locate a specific fact or piece of information
• READING TECHNIQUES

  1. SKIMMING

  2. SCANNING

  3. PHRASE READING

  4. NON-PROSE REDING
• PHRASE READING

  •a technique that builds fluency, aids comprehension, and improves oral reading.

  •Phrase reading can also be used to teach grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary.

  Phrase – a group of words that go together to mean something. A phrase is a concept.

  •Clustering is one very powerful and simple exercise designed to help develop the necessary skills to Phrase Read.
• NON-PROSE REDING

  •Non-prose materials or graphic materials are illustrated visual forms that summarize information and ideas through words, symbols, pictures, and drawings.
• NON-PROSE READING EXAMPLES

  1. GRAPHS

  2. DIAGRAMS

  3. CHARTS

  4. MAPS
• GRAPHS

  visual representation of quantitative information meant to make the reader see instantly how gathered data relate to each other.
• CHARTS

  •are visuals that summarize data, explain a process, or describe a set of relationships.

  •EXAMPLES: tabular chart, outline chart, flow chart, and organizational chart
• MAPS

  •are flat representations of the earth that show geographical areas by means of scales and models
• NOTE TAKING

  •Is the practice of writing down or otherwise recording key points of information

  •It is an important part of the research process

  •Notes taken on class lectures or discussions may serve as study aids

  •Notes taken during an interview may provide material for an essay, article, or book.
• THE CORNELL METHOD

  •The Cornell method provides a systematic format for condensing and organizing notes without laborious recopying.

  • After writing the notes in the main space, use the left-hand space to label each idea and detail with a key word or "cue."
• The OUTLINING Method

  •Dash or indented outlining is usually best except for some science classes such as physics or math.

  1. The most general information begins at the left with each more specific group of facts indented with spaces to the right.

  2. The relationships between the different parts are carried out through indenting.

  3.No number, letter, or Roman numeral is needed.
• The MAPPING Method

  •Mapping is a method that uses comprehension/concentration skills and evolves in a note-taking form which relates each fact or idea to every other fact or idea.
• THE CHARTING Method

  •If the lecture format is distinct (such as chronological), you may set up your paper by drawing columns and labeling appropriate headings in a table.
• THE SENTENCE Method

  •Write every new thought, fact or topic on a separate line, numbering as you progress
• OUTLINING

  • Blueprint of some more elaborate written structure

  • It’s function is to help the writer construct a more unified and a better organized idea of a composition or essay
• TYPES OF OUTLINING

  • TOPIC OUTLINE
  • SENTENCE OUTLINE
  • MIXED OUTLINE
  • PARAGRAPH OUTLINE
• TOPIC OUTLINE

  •Uses a single word or phrase in the headings
• sentence OUTLINE

  •Expands Each part into full sentence
• MIXED OUTLINE

  •Allows you to put your main ideas in complete sentence form and your subordinate ideas in topic form
• PARAGRAPH OUTLINE

  •Lists the topic ides of each paragraph in order
• SUMMARIZING

  •Method of using few words to give the most important information about something

  •It is also done quickly in a way that does not follow the normal process
• IDENTIFYING THE MAIN IDEA (TOPIC VS. MAIN IDEA)

  The topic of a selection is the subject matter. What it is about. It is usually expressed in a word or phrase.

  The main idea refers to a complete statement, the point the writer is making about the topic.
• MAIN IDEA

  •It is an important information that tells more about the overall idea of paragraph or section of a text.

  •The most important or central thought of a paragraph or a larger section of text, which tells the reader what the text is about.