Structure and bonding

• What does the period of an element tell us?


  The number of shells an element has
• What does the group number of an element tell us?

  The number of electrons in an element's outer shell
• How is the periodic table arranged?

  Arranged by increasing atominc number (number of protons)
• How are element blocks named?

  They are named for the orbital that the highest energy electrons are in for that element
• What are cations?


  Ions with a positive charge
• What are anions?


  Ions with a negative charge
• What is an ion?


  An atom that has lost or gained an electron to become charged
• What are the properties of group 1 elements?

  Alkali metals, soft, low melting and boiling points that decrease down the group, reactivity increases down the group
• What are the properties of group 7 elements?

  Halogens, low melting and boiling points that increase down the group, reactivity decreases down the group
• What are the properties of group 8 (0) elements?

  Noble gases, full outer shells, unreactive
• What is the equation that links mass, molar mass and number of moles?

  Mass = Molar mass x Number of moles
• What is the equation that links number of moles, concentration and volume?

  Number of moles = Concentration x Volume
• What are Van der Waals forces?

  All intermolecular forces of attraction, usually weak
• What are the properties of metallic bonding?


  Strong bonds, regular structure and usually have high melting and boiling points
• What are the properties of ionic bonding?

  High melting and boiling points, conduct electricity, soluble in water
• What are the properties of covalent bonding?

  Low melting and boiling points, does not conduct electricity, insoluble in water