art appreciation

• Visual arts


  Creations that can be seen rather than heard, diverse art forms that evoke emotion through skill and imagination
• Visual arts include


  • Painting, drawing, sculpture, printmaking, photography, installation art
• Beauty is subjective, but different eras in art history have had their own principles to define beauty
• Visual arts include painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts, and architecture
• Three classical branches of visual art

  • Painting
  • Sculpture
  • Architecture
• Painting


  The art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface using pigments and applying paint or other medium to a solid surface
• Oil painting


  Pigments are mixed in oil, commonly done on canvas
• Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color, or other medium to a solid surface
• Pigment


  A colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water
• Oil Painting


  1. Pigments are mixed in oil

  2. Oil color is the best method for convincing representation where exact reproduction of a color tone is necessary

  3. Pigments can come from many sources: minerals, vegetable matter, coal tars, and other chemical combinations
• Tempera Painting


  1. Mixture of ground pigments and an albuminous or colloidal vehicle, either egg, gum, or glue

  2. Special characteristic: Emulsion

  3. Advantages of Tempera: Rapid drying, Great luminosity of the stone, Colors are clear and beautiful
• Watercolor Painting


  1. Pigments are mixed with water and applied to fine white paper

  2. Require a high degree of technical dexterity

  3. Opaque watercolor is also called “gouache”
• Pastel


  1. Pigment is bound to form a crayon which is applied directly to the surface, usually paper

  2. Support for pastel: pastel paper, pasteboard, or canvas
• Fresco Painting


  1. Colors are mixed with water and applied to fresh plaster which absorbs the color

  2. Since the pigment has been incorporated with the plaster, it lasts until the wall is destroyed
• Acrylic Painting


  1. Synthetic paints using acrylic emulsion as a binder

  2. Combined with transparency and quick-dry qualities of watercolor and as flexible as oil

  3. Completely insoluble when dry and can be used on almost any surface
• Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions
• In choosing a subject for sculpture, the most important thing to consider is the material
• Substances available for sculpture are limitless
• Materials for sculpture


  • Stone
  • Bronze
  • Wood
• Stone and metal are the most commonly used media for sculpture
• Marble is the most beautiful of stones, durable, and commonly used in sculpture
• Wood carving is a form of woodworking by means of a cutting tool
• Materials used for sculpting

  • Marble
  • Wood
  • Ivory
  • Terra Cotta
  • Aluminum
  • Chromium
  • Steel
  • Plastic
  • Chemically Treated Clay & Stone
• Wood carving


  Form of woodworking using a cutting tool or chisel to create wooden figures or ornamentation
• Ivory


  Material for statues, valued for technical mastery, used for saints' statues, lacks vigor of wood, cracks like wood
• Terra Cotta


  Means "Cooked Earth", made from moist clay molded and heated, breaks easily, painted and glazed
• Other materials


  • Aluminum
  • Chromium
  • Steel
  • Plastic
  • Chemically Treated Clay & Stone
• Plastic is less expensive for casting than metals, less fragile, preferred for beauty and lightness
• Architecture


  Designing and constructing buildings, materials and methods contribute to architectural style, availability, durability, and beauty are important factors
• Photography is the art of capturing light to create images, using digital sensors or film
• Photography captures light to create images, can photograph invisible light wavelengths like UV, infrared, and radio
• Camera Shots and Angles

  • Extreme Close-up
  • Close-up
  • Medium Shot
  • Full Shot or Long Shot
  • Low Angle
  • High Angle
  • Eye level
  • Aerial Shot
  • Dutch Angle
• Most natural camera angle

  • Eye-level offers a neutral perception of the subject
• Aerial Shot


  Captured above the subject/s, establishes a large expanse of scenery
• Dutch Angle or Dutch Tilt Shot


  The camera is slanted to one side, creating a sense of disorientation or increased tension
• Film, also called movie, motion picture or moving picture, is a visual art-form used to simulate experiences that communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere through the use of moving images. These images are generally accompanied by sound, and more rarely, other sensory stimulations. The word "cinema", short for cinematography, is often used to refer to filmmaking and the film industry, and to the art form that is the result of it.