PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT pt.2

• States

  • Temporary conditions within an individual; FLUCTUATING (not really/ but relatively constant)
  • Result of immediate environment
  • Momentary emotional reaction to internal and/ or external trigger (s)
  • Involves physical, behavioral, cognitive, and psychological reactions
  • Level of arousal, frustration level, subjective perception, context
  • Duration & intensity
  • Create a temporary emotional change
• Trait


  • Relatively PERMANENT dispositions
  • Cattell “that which defines what a person will do when faced with a defined situation.
  • Stable, consistent, and enduring disposition of the individual
  • Tendency to constantly feel, think, and behave in a certain way
  • When the same emotional states chronically appear in a stable frequent manner & generalized in many different situations and become contexts it becomes a trait
• Response Set


  • Tendency for a person to respond that produces a certain image of the respondent, Rather than answering based on true feelings or behaviors
  • Person is purposefully trying to be deceitful; or unintentional
  • Depend upon the situation and are usually temporary
• Response Style


  • Tendency to respond in certain ways regardless of content
  • Contribute to systematic error
  • Behavior which are not explainable to
• Kinds of Response Sets

  • Acquiescence
  • Tendency to gamble or guess
  • Speed vs. accuracy
  • Evasiveness, indecision, and indifference
  • Interpretation of judgment categories
  • Extreme responding
  • Confidence
  • Inclusiveness
  • Criticalness
  • Social desirability
  • Tendency to fake
  • Tendency to deviate
• Pathological groups display deviant response styles on certain tests
• Response styles

  • Extreme response style
  • Midpoint response style
  • Acquiescent response style
• EDWARDS PERSONAL PREFERENCE SCHEDULE (EPPS)

  • Structured personality test
  • Derived from the theory of Henry Murray (20 normal needs and motives)
  • 225 pairs of statements
  • 9 statements used for each scale (15 scales)
  • Personalities = behaviors controlled by needs
  • Needs are deeply seated in our nature
• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)


  • Based on Carl Gustav Jung’s concept of Attitudes and Functions a Psychiatrist
  • 1923 – Published Psychological types which presents classifications by attitudes and functions (English 1923, German 1921)
  • Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers
  • They assigned the well-known letters (E-I, S-N, T-F, J-P) to Jung’s Attitude and functions, adding the Judging and Perceiving label to identify the dominant function
• Achievement


  The need to accomplish a certain task well
• Deference


  The need to conform to customs and defer to others
• Order


  A need for planning and organizing things ahead
• Exhibition


  The need to be the center of attention
• Autonomy


  The need to be free of responsibilities
• Affiliation


  The need to be part of a group or attachments
• Intraception


  The need to analyze behavior and feelings of other people
• Succorance


  The need to receive attention and support from other people
• Dominance


  A need to be the leader of the group and influence them
• Abasement


  The need to accept blame for problems and confess errors to others
• Nurturance


  The need to be of assistance to others
• Change


  The need for new experiences and avoid the usual
• Endurance


  The need to follow through on tasks and complete it
• Heterosexuality


  The need to be associated with and attractive to members of the opposite sex
• Aggression


  The need to express one’s opinion and be critical of others
• MBTI is the most widely used personality assessment tool in the world, not for psychopathological purposes
• PURPOSE of MBTI

  To make the psychology types by Carl Gustav Jung understandable and useful variations in an orderly fashion and consistent in the lives of people
• Carl Jung's Psychological Types

  • Attitudes
  • Introversion
  • Extraversion
  • Functions
  • Thinking
  • Feeling
  • Sensing
  • Intuiting
• Jung's Attitudes

  • Each person has both an introverted and an extraverted attitude
  • Extraversion is the turning outward of psychic energy towards the objective and away from the subjective
  • Introversion is the turning inward of psychic energy towards the subjective
  • Extraverts are more influenced by their surroundings than by the inner world
  • Introverts are turned into their inner world with all its biases, fantasies, and dreams
• Extraversion


  • Direct energy outward toward people and things
  • Action-oriented
  • Prefer to be around others
  • Many interests
• Introversion


  • Direct energy inward toward ideas and concepts
  • Quiet and concentrated
  • Prefer to be alone
  • Interests have depth
• Jung's Functions

  • Thinking and Feeling are rational functions (judgment)
  • Sensation and Intuition are irrational functions
• Thinking


  • Logical activity that produces a chain of ideas
  • Enables people to recognize a thing's meaning
• Feeling


  • Process of evaluating an idea or event
  • Tells people a thing's value or worth
• Sensing


  • Receives physical stimuli and transmits them to perceptual consciousness
  • Tells people that something exists
• Intuiting


  • Involves perception beyond the workings of consciousness
  • Allows people to know about something without knowing how they know
• SENSING


  • Focus on five senses (experience)
  • Details, practicality, reality
  • Prefer learned skills
  • Pay attention to details
  • Make few factual errors
• Intuition


  • Focus on possibilities (sixth sense)
  • Patterns and expectations
  • Prefer adding new skills
  • Looks at the big picture
  • Patient with complexity
• Thinking


  • Focus on logic of a situation, truth, and principles
  • Work Environment is brief and businesslike
  • Contributions include intellectual criticism and solutions to problems
• Feeling


  • Focus on human values and needs, people, and harmony
  • Work Environment is friendly and personal
  • Contributions include loyal support, care, and concern for others
• Judging


  • Attitude is decisive, planful, self-regimented, purposeful
  • Work Environment focuses on completing tasks and making decisions quickly