Ch 11

• Social control


  Actions intended to prevent, correct, punish, or cure people, behaviors, and characteristics that are perceived as unacceptable
• Deviant


  A person, behavior, or characteristic perceived as unacceptable
• Criminologist


  Researchers who specialize in the study of criminal behaviour
• Criminology


  The academic discipline that forces on the study of crime and those labelled as criminals
• Crime


  Any behaviour that violates criminal law
• Summary conviction offences


  Less serious criminal offences that are punishable by a maximum of two years less a day in prison and / or a fine of not more than $5000
• Indictable conviction offences


  More serious criminal offences than summary offences with penalties that vary but could result in life imprisonment
• Victimless crimes


  Criminal offences that involve consensual relations in the exchange of illegal goods or services
• White collar crime


  Criminal offences involving the misappropriation of financial resources
• Corporate crime


  Criminal offences carried out by organizations or by knowledgeable employees in the course of their employment
• Cyber crime


  Criminal acts committed using computer technology
• Organized crime


  Two or more people consorting together on a continual basis to participate in illegal activities, either directly or indirectly, for gain
• Criminal justice system


  The social institution responsible for the apprehension prosecution and punishment of criminal offenders
• Retribution


  A morally justified consequence
• Abolitionism


  A movement calling for dismantling of the criminal justice system
• Ombudsperson


  An independent body with authority to conduct through, impartial, independent investigations, and make recommendations to government organizations with respect to the problem of citizens
• Restorative justice


  An approach to justice emphasizing healing and reparation of harm
• Institutionalized goals


  The goals that we are supposed to aspire to in contemporary society
• legitimate means


  The socially accepted ways of attaining wealth, power, and prestige
• Primary deviance


  The little acts pf deviance that many of us engage in occasionally
• Secondary deviance


  Chronic deviance as a lifestyle
• Stigmatization


  The process by which individuals are excluded because of particular behaviours/characteristics
• Self surveillance


  Monitoring our own behaviours in order to prevent being considered deviant
• Violent crime


  A type of criminal offence that involve physical harm toanother person
• Court


  A system that has the authority to make decisions based oncriminal law.
• Crime severity index


  The volume of crimes multiplied by their severity.
• Deterrence


  The assumption that punishment can be used to prevent crime
• Crime rate


  The number of criminal incidents reported to thepolice divided by the population
• Indictable


  A crime classification based on more serious criminal offenceswith penalties that vary but could result in life imprisonment.
• Hybrid


  In Canada, the majority of criminal code offences fall under thisclassification.
• Stigmatization


  The process by which individuals are excluded because ofparticular behaviours or characteristics