IT

• Web Browsers - made the internet more accessible to the general public by providing an intuitive interface for navigating the web.
• Mosaic, Netscape, and Internet Explorer are examples of Web Browsers
• ENIAC was designed by John Presper Ecket and John Mauchly
• ENIAC was financed by the US Army
• ENIAC only do arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, sign differentiation, and square root extraction
• The first generation computers (ENIAC) lasted from 1946 - 1959
• The second-generation computers lasted from 1959 - 1965
• Second-generation computer - transistor was used as the interior section of the computer
• transistors were much smaller, faster, and more dependable. it was used as the interior section of the computer
• Third-generation computer lasted from 1965 - 1971
• (in 3rd gen) Jack Kilby invented the Integrated Circuit in replacement with transistors to build the computer
• Integrated Circuit has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors
• remote processing, time-sharing, and multiprogramming operating system were used in third generation
• Fourth-generation computer lasted from 1971-1980
• (in 4th gen) Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits were used to build computers
• microprocessor is used in pocker calculators, tv sets, audio and video appliances, etc.
• Fifth-generation computers last from 1980 - present
• (in fifth gen) VLSI has evolved to Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) technology.
• Fifth-generation cpmputers - includes AI, natural languages, and expert terms
• Hardware - consists of all machinery equipment in a computer system
• Software - also called programs; consists of all the electronic instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task.
• There are two softwares that a computer need to be installed in a system: system software, and application software
• System Software - helps the computer perform essential operating tasks and enables the application software to run.
• Application Software - enables you to perform a specific task (solve probles, entertaining self, etc)
• keyboard - accepts letters, numbers, and command from the user
• mouse - a small-handed device that is dragged across the surface to move the cursor on a computer screen
• microphone - allow user to speak into the computer to input data and instructions
• scanner - converts printed materials into a form the computer can use
• Camera - allows one the take pictures then transfer that photographed images to computer or printer
• printer - produces text and graphics on a physical medium
• there are two types of printer: impact and non-impact
• Impact printer makes contact with the paper using a hammer or pin.
• system unit - the enclosure composed of the main elements of a computer that are used to administer data
• System chip - houses the processor chip, the memory chip, and the motherboard with power supply.
• processor chip - tiny piece of silicon that contains millions of miniature electronic circuits.
• speed of the microchip is expressed in megahertz
• Motherboard - the circuitry of the system unit containing primary component of the computer. Main circuit board in the computer.
• Memory Chips - also known as RAM, the primary/temporary storage of volatile storage.
• volatile storage - data and information stored cannot be retrieved after power is turned off
• ROM - Read only memory, a type of memory that can only be read and not written to.