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• 3 in 5 Canadians live in Quebec or Ontario
• In 2016, Ontario remained, by far, the most populous province in Canada with 13.4 million people, representing 38.3% of the Canadian population
• Ontario's rate of population growth was below the national average for two consecutive intercensal periods, a first since the Second World War
• Lower immigration levels to Ontario and interprovincial migration losses accounted for most of the recent slowdown
• New report calls for raising Canada's immigration rate
• Raising admissions to 415,000 by 2030 would off-set aging population and spur economy, Conference Board of Canada says
• In the 2023–2025 Immigration Levels Plan, Canada aims to welcome from 410,000 to 505,000 new permanent residents in 2023, from 430,000 to 542,500 in 2024 and from 442,500 to 550,000 in 2025
• "New" immigrants

  Those who arrived between 2011 and 2016
• "Recent" immigrants

  Those who arrived after 2002 (approximately 18 years ago)
• More than one in five Canadian residents (22%) are foreign born (up from about 20% in 2006)
• From 2011 to 2016, Canada welcomed 1,212,075 new immigrants, 3.5% of Canada's total population in 2016
• Immigrant Class: NEW IMMIGRANTS

  • 60.3% were admitted as Economic Class
  • 26.8% were admitted as Family Class
  • 11.6% were admitted as Refugees
• 62% of NEW IMMIGRANTS were from Asia, 13% were from Africa
• Economic Class


  A category of immigrants selected for their skills and ability to contribute to Canada's economy
• Family Class


  Includes any family members sponsored to come to Canada by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident
• Refugee CLAIMANT


  A person who has applied for refugee protection status while in Canada and is waiting for a decision on his/her claim from the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
• Refugee PROTECTED PERSON


  A person whom the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada has determined to be a Convention refugee or person in similar circumstances by a Canadian visa officer outside Canada, or in need of protection in Canada, or a person who has had a positive pre-removal risk assessment
• In 1980, U.S. immigrants earned about 80 per cent of American-born workers, a gap that was roughly the same in Canada
• By 2011, U.S. immigrants earned 93 per cent of American-born workers, while foreign-born college graduates now out-earn their American-born counterparts
• Toronto, Vancouver and Montréal (TMV) are still the primary location choices for over half of all immigrants and recent immigrants to Canada
• Between 2000 and 2010, the number of new immigrants intending to settle in Toronto has declined
• Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs)


  Allow Canadian provinces and territories to nominate individuals who wish to immigrate to Canada and who are interested in settling in a particular province
• Provincial Nominee Programs increased the number of new immigrants sponsored from less than 1% in 2000 to 13% in 2010 across Canada, with the greatest increase in the western provinces
• The purpose of the Employment Equity Act (1995) is to achieve equality in the workplace so that no person shall be denied employment opportunities or benefits for reasons unrelated to ability and, in the fulfilment of that goal, to correct the conditions of disadvantage in employment experienced by women, Aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities
• Visible minorities


  Persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour
• Manufacturing comprises only 12% of all types of employment
• Highest Employment Rates: Calgary (74%), >65% in Edmonton, Ottawa, Winnipeg, Halifax, Kitchener
• Most Positive Change (>7%) in Employment between 1996 and 2007: Victoria, Ottawa, Quebec City
• Highest Unemployment Rates: Montreal, St. Catharines, Toronto
• Unemployment


  A phenomenon that occurs when a person who is currently available for work, and actively searching for employment, is unable to find work
• Underemployment


  A measure of employment and labor utilization in the economy that looks at how well the labor force is being utilized in terms of skills, experience and availability to work
• Men in the Canadian Labour Market


  • >25% (one in four) work in construction trades, transport or equipment operation
  • 20% (one in five) work in sales and services
  • Least engaged in health occupations, art, culture, recreation and sport
• Women in the Canadian Labour Market


  • 29% (one in three) work in sales and services—sales clerks, retail, cashiers
  • 27% worked in business, finance, and administration
  • 12.3% in education and government services
  • Few in primary industry or trades, transport and equipment operations
• In 2015, 81% of all eligible workers (age 15 - 65) worked full-time
• Part-time work has more than doubled over the last 30 years, and is at 19% of all eligible workers
• In 2013, 14% of all Canadians had temporary jobs
• 3 in 10 temporary employees are youth
• 10% of core-aged women (25-54 years old) compared to 8% of core-aged men hold temp jobs
• Temporary positions are most prevalent in education, culture and the accommodation and food services sector. By province, most of the growth in temp work has been in British Columbia and Ontario
• Men work longer hours than women, however, the usual number of hours up for women (33 hours) and down for men (39.5 hours) and older workers (36 hours)