HISTORY - RUSSIA

• What was Sovnarkam?

  Government of early Soviet. Formed in Oct 1917 by Lenin as the government of the new revolutionary regime.
• What were reasons for the PG failing & Bolshevik uprisings?

  • Continued in war
  • Temporary body
  • Did nothing about the economy
  • Kornilov coup
  • Failed to call the constituent Assembly
  • Underestimated the Bolsheviks
  • Caused a rift with the peasants
• What was the Prov Gov?

  A temporary body which set itself in the right wing of the Tauride Palace. After made, elections were held to try and decide a constituent assembly. Was just rich people, made after the Tsars abdication.
• What was dual authority (Petrograd Soviet & Prov Gov) and why did it fail?

  Authority held by both parties. Didn’t work because the ideas clashed as the PG were richer and the PS were lower class, so they wanted different things.
• What was the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

  Peace treaty between Soviet Russia and central powers which mean that Russia could withdraw from WW1
• What was the Duma?

  First representative body of legislative power - a parliament. Had no power at first as the Tsar kept all the power
• What was the Okhrana?

  Secret police for the Tsar, royal family & Russian autocracy from 1881 to 1917
• What were the social revolutionaries?

  Began as a movement among the Russian peasantry, with support of Urban warriors.
• What were social democrats?

  A thing after Karl Marx’s ideas, became the Mensheviks & Bolsheviks
• What were the Mensheviks?

  Non-Leninists wing at the RSDW party which evolved to it’s own organisation.
• What were the Bolsheviks?

  Advocated the overthrow of the Tsar, capitalism & Russian communism. Lenin’s future party.
• RSDW =

  Russian Social Democratic Workers
• What were the April Thesis?

  ‘Peace, bread & land’, Lenin’s “slogan” as he came back from exile to gain support
• What were four problems the Prov Gov faced?

  War, land, National Minority Demands & Deteriorating economy
• What was the central committee?

  A group of party members that make all decisions for the party.
• What were the July days?

  Spontaneous uprising in Petrograd against the Russian Prov Gov.
• What was the Petrograd Soviet?

  Made up of the working class & were simply councils to look after the interests of the wider community in 1905. Also, made up delegates from factories.
• How did soldiers get order no.1?

  Soldiers were anxious to protect their own interest so they sent representatives to the soviet & gained order no.1
• What was order no.1?

  Duma to be obeyed, only if it agree with soviets, to enjou full citizen rights when off duty, agree to political control of the Petrograd Soviet.