RWS

• Patterns of Paragraph


  Referred to academically as "rhetorical modes", Productive ways to manage information, "topoi" or patterns, Mirror the ways in which humans think about their worlds, Organize human thoughts in order to communicate
• Types of Patterns of Paragraph

  • Narration
  • Descriptive
  • Definition
  • Classification
  • Comparison and Contrast
  • Cause and Effect
  • Problem-Solution
  • Persuasive
• Narration


  • Contains the plot which gives direction in making a story, Purpose: To introduce, To tell a story, To give background, To show sequence of events, Word to Use: Chronological order use first, next, then, after and suddenly
• Descriptive


  • Strives to create a deeply involved and vivid experience for the reader, Purpose: To give details, To create pictures, Word to Use: Uses sensory languages, (Objective/subjective) modifier
• Definition


  • Moves beyond a dictionary definition to deeply examine a word or concept as we actually use and understand it, Purpose: To clarify meaning, To set foundation to an argument to give background, Word to Use: Informal definition (Denotation and Connotation), Formal Definition consists of a formal descriptive sentence plus as many supplemental explanatory techniques are required to make the subject clean
• Classification


  • Takes one large concept and divides it into individual pieces, Purpose: To categorize, To clarify comparisons, To characterize, Word to Use: Can be divided classified, categorized the first/second/third/last/kind/type/category
• Comparison and Contrast


  • Comparison focuses on similarities between things, and contrast focuses on their differences, BLOCK METHOD, POINT-BY-POINT, Purpose: To find common ground, To find distinction between items, Word to Use: SIMILARITIES: Likewise, similar to, same with, like, in the same manner, CONTRAST: On the other hand, however, while, different with, in contrast
• Cause and Effect


  • Explains why something happens, States what results a particular event produces, Gives a statement emphasizing the cause and another emphasizing the effect, Purpose: To lead one item to another, To argue logic of evidence of action, Word to Use: CAUSE: As a consequence of, as a result of, because, because of, now that, since, EFFECT: Accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, this resulted in
• Problem-Solution


  • Presents a problem, usually discussing several aspects of the problem concludes by discussing solutions to the problem, Purpose: To identify problem, To provide logical practical solution, Word to Use: State and define the problem, Suggest the possible solutions, Evaluate the solutions, Make a recommendation
• Persuasive


  • Can be an argument, exposition, discussion, review or even an advertisement, Purpose: To present a point of view and seeks to persuade a reader, Word to Use: State the issue, Follow a clear, strong and specific argument, Support argument by evidence, Restate argument in the conclusion
• Guideline in Writing Paragraph
• Properties of Well-Written Texts

  Arranging our thoughts to deliver a purposeful message is essential in all forms of communication, Serve as your "compass" in weaving your train of thoughts and connecting one idea to another, Help you express ideas precisely and gain other people's respect in whatever you have to say, Fundamental to written communication, Organization coherence and cohesion language use mechanics
• Organization


  • A well-organized piece of writing is not only clear but also logical and aesthetic, It is necessary to identify the sequence of events/flow of ideas from the beginning to the end, A strong organization comprises proper paragraphing and logical order of presentation of ideas, Existence of organizational markers and coherent flow of ideas are typically the focus in evaluation of writing
• Coherence and Cohesion


  Coherence is the connection of the succeeding sentences to the topic sentence, Cohesion is the use of cohesive or transitional devices to link the first sentence to the second, Coherence and cohesion are two basic features that facilitate textual continuity, Coherence refers to the rhetorical aspects of your writing, while cohesion pays attention to links between words and sentences
• Language Use


  Involves the style, tone and clarity of your writing, Appropriate language to be used objective of the writing, context in which it was written target audience, Formal writing is impersonal, Informal writing is use when we are writing to someone we know very well, Neutral writing is used in non-emotional topics and information and to deliver facts
• Effective language


  • Concrete and specific, not vague and abstract, Concise, not verbose, Precise and clear, not obscure, Constructive, not destructive, Appropriately formal, not slang
• Mechanics


  The technical aspects of writing: spelling, punctuations, capitalization, abbreviation, Serves as a road sign to guide on how to use words appropriately
• Claim


  Synonymous to belief, argument, assertion, or stand, A good claim should be argumentative and debatable, specific and focused, interesting and engaging, and logical, Defines your paper's goals, direction, scope, and exigence and is supported by evidence, quotations, argumentation, expert opinion, statistics, and telling details
• Explicit Claim


  An explicit claim is directly stated in the text, You can easily point out the information in the text
• Implicit Claim


  An implicit claim is indirectly expressed in the text and you need to look for clues or make inferences to understand its meaning, An inference is a conclusion that you make based on explicit information, your reasoning, and background knowledge
• 3 Types of Claims

  • Claim of Fact
  • Claim of Policy
  • Claim of Value
• Claim of Fact


  Debates whether the statement of the claim is correct or incorrect, valid or invalid, true or false, Makes an assertion about something that can be proved or disproved with factual evidence
• Claim of Policy


  Argues that certain conditions should exist, or that something should or should not be done, in order to solve a problem, The key word in a claim of policy is the conditional verb "should" which implies that some action ought to be taken, but not that it must or will be taken
• Claim of Value


  Argues that something is good or bad, or that one thing is better than another thing, Asserts qualitative judgments along a good-to-bad continuum relating to persons, events, and things in one's environment, It is beyond facts and beyond policies but surely appeals to your emotions and justifications, It is an argument based on morality, belief, ethics, or philosophy, Also called claim of judgment because an individual has to decide whether the argument or proposition is right or wrong or has to be accepted or rejected