hypertext and intertext

• Hypertext


  • A non-linear way to present information using "links"
  • Navigate further information leading to other links
  • Direct the readers to various options
  • Create their own meaning
  • Learn better associatively
  • Interconnected by hyperlinks, which are typically activated by a mouse click, keypress set, or by touching the screen. It makes a dynamic organization of information possible through links and connections (called hyperlinks).
• Hypertext is the foundation of World Wide Web (www) enabling users to click on link to obtain more information on a subsequent page on the same site or from website anywhere in the world
• Hypertext is text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with references to other text that the reader can immediately access
• Hypertext


  • The term was coined by Ted Nelson in 1963
  • Project Xanadu was a digital repository scheme of published documents
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)


  • Web address
  • Specifies the text location
  • URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages (http) but are also used for file transfer (ftp), email (mailto), database access (JDBC), and many other applications
• Today, links are not just limited to text or documents but may also incorporate other forms of multimedia such as images, audio, and videos that stimulate more senses. This is called hypermedia.
• Characteristics of a hypertext


  • The reader is free to navigate information by exploring the connections provided
  • Hypertext is a very different way of presenting information than the usual linear form
  • Text no longer flows in a straight line through a book. Instead, it is broken down into many smaller units (lexias, to borrow a term from literary criticism), each addressing a few issues
• Intertext


  • As a process of text development that merges two more processes such as imitation and creation in doing a text
  • The author, as highly influenced by another author, comes up with his own version of the text, consciously or unconsciously incorporating the style and other characteristics of the text done by that author
• Ferdinand de Saussure

  
  

  claimed in his work that text are not free of other text, and as "individuals", we are product of the meetings of many and various texts
• Types of Intertext


  • Retelling (restatement)
  • Quotation (directly lifting exact statements or set of words from another text)
  • Allusion (explicitly or implicitly pertaining to an idea or passage found in another text without the use of quotation)
  • Pastiche (copying the style or other properties of another text without making fun of it)
• Chocolate is Leo's Kryptonite
• "Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen is unusual as it is a pastiche in both senses of the word, as there are many distinct styles imitated in the song, all "hodge-podged" together to create one piece of music
• Types of Intertext (in simple words)

  • Retelling (restatement)
  • Allusion (implying references to elements of another work)
  • Parody (re-appropriating the work of others for comedic purposes)
  • Pastiche (creating a new literary work by collaging elements from one or more other works)
• Similarity


  • The ability of a text to be linked with other texts
  • Hypertext by means of electronic links
  • Intertext by means of inherent quality and the inseparable (content) part of its "texture" (body)
• Julia Kristeva

  • stated that individual text are inescapably related to other texts