FIELD METHODS PART 2 CHAP 56

• Pilot Testing

  • It is a small-scale study conducted to make sure that a new procedure works as planned.
• NONEXPERIMENTAL is research that lacks the manipulation of an independent variable, random assignment of participants to conditions or orders of conditions, or both.
• SINGLE-VARIABLE RESEARCH can be nonexperimental because it focuses on a single variable rather than a statistical relationship between two variables
• CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH – the researcher measures two variables of interest with little or no attempt to control extraneous variables and then assess the relationship between them.
• QUASI-EXPERIMENT RESEARCH - the researcher manipulates an independent variable but does not randomly assign participants to conditions or orders of conditions.
• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

  • the data are usually nonnumerical and are analyzed using nonstatistical techniques.
  • Written description of experiences
• NARRATIVE

  • The ways humans experience the world.
  • The study of experience through stories
  • Focus: the stories people tell and how these are communicated- on the language used to tell the stories.
• GROUNDED THEORY

  • Inductive process of generating theory from a data or a bottom-up processing
  • Doesn’t rely on prior assumption about the world.
  • Detect pattern in their observation and the create working hypothesis that led progression of inquiry.
• PHENOMENOLOGY

  • Focus on people’s subjective experiences and interpretations of the world.
  • attempt to understand those whom they observe from the subjects' perspective.
• CASE STUDY

  • is a descriptive, exploratory or explanatory analysis of a single case example of phenomena.
• ETHNOGRAPHY

  emphasizes the observation of details of everyday life as they naturally unfold in the real world. This is sometimes called naturalistic research.
• Ethnography is a method of describing a culture or society. This is primarily used in anthropological research which focuses on community.
• HISTORICAL

  Systematic collection and objective evaluation of data related to past occurrences in order to explain causes, effects, or trends of these events in the present and anticipate future events.
• CONTENT ANALYSIS

  • used to analyze the presence, meanings and relationships of words and concepts in a text then make inferences about the messages within the text, the writer(s), the audience, and even the culture and time of which these are part.
• FIELD RESEARCH

  • Type of qualitative research where researcher goes directly to the social phenomenon under study and observes it as completely as possible.
• Qualitative research adopts the inductive approach
• Qualitative observation is an observation in which the researcher goes directly to the field to observe participant behavior and activities at the research location. In this observation, the researcher can record and record both structured and unstructured notes. Usually, researchers are involved in a variety of roles, it can be as a complete participant or non-participant.
• In qualitative interviews, qualitative researchers can interview face-to-face with participants, by telephone, or can also be involved in focus group interviews or group interviews. The questions are unstructured and open questions for the purpose of capturing the opinions and views of participants on a particular issue.
• Qualitative documents can be public documents such as newspapers, magazines or papers or in the form of personal documents such as diaries, diaries and e-mails.
• Data collections are based on:

  • Interviews
  • Observations
  • Case records
  • Developed documents