Intro

• Hydrocarbon

  contains hydrogen and carbon only
• Saturated

  single carbon-carbon bonds only
• Unsaturated

  Contains a C=C bond
• Molecular formula

  show actual number of each type of atom
• Empirical formula

  shows simplest whole number ratio of each atoms of each element in compound
• general formula

  algebraic formula for a homologous series
• Structural formula

  the minimum detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
• Displayed formula

  shows all bonds and atoms present in a molecule
• Skeletal formula

  simplified organic formula, remove hydrogen and alkyl chains, leaving just carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
• Functional group

  atom or group of atoms which when present in different molecules, causes them to have similar chemical properties
• CIP rules for naming

  • consider LHS/RHS first
  • consider bigger atomic number, has priority
  • Both higher atomic number on same side then Z, opposite sides then E
  • if both groups contain same atom then consider atoms one bond further away
  • longest carbon chain
• Structural isomers

  same molecular formular but different structures
• What can structural isomerism arise from

  -chain isomerism

  -position isomerism

  -functional group isomerism
• Chain isomers

  compound with same molecular formula but different structures of the carbon skeleton
• Position isomers

  compound with the same molecular formula but different structure due different position of functional group on carbon skeleton
• Functional group isomers

  molecule with same molecular formula but different functional group on carbon skeleton
• Stereoisomers

  same structural formular but different spatial arrangement
• How do EZ isomerism arise?

  -restricted rotation around C=C

  -2 different groups attached to both ends of double bond