chap 4!

• typical development


  When behaviours skills or abilities fall within the expected range of development or progress at a similar pace compared to peers of the same age
• typical behaviours 


  Patterns of behaviour that are expected of an individual or conform to standards of what is acceptable for a given situation
• atypical behviours


  Patterns of behaviour that are not expected for an individual or that deviate from the norm and can be harmful or distressing for the individual and those around them
• atypical development 


  When behaviours, skills or abilities fall outside the expected range of development or progress at a different pace compared to similar-aged peers
• cultural perspectives


  A criterion for determining whether a behaviour is typical or atypical, by accounting for cultural norms or societal standards
• social norms 


  Shared standards or social beliefs about what is normal acceptable or typical behaviour
• statistical rarity


  A criterion that views abnormal or atypical behaviours as deviating significantly from the statistical average or mean
• personal distress


  A state in which a person experiences unpleasant or upsetting emotions, such as sadness, anxiety or feeling overwhelmed
• maladaptive behaviour


  Behaviours that is unhelpful, dysfunctional and non-productive, and that interferes with a person's ability to adjust to their environment appropriately and effectively
• normality 


  Patterns of behaviour that are typical and expected, or that conform to standards of what is acceptable
• abnormality


  behaviours that are unusual, bizarre, atypical or out of the ordinary
• neurotypicality 


  Standard or typical brain functioning, processing and behaviours
• neurotypical


  An individual whose neurological development or functioning is within the typical (average) range
• neurodiversity


  The idea that every human has a unique nervous system with a different combination of abilities and needs
• neurodiverse


  Not neurotypical; functioning outside the typical range of neurological development
• adaptive


  A term used by psychologists to describe emotions, behaviours and cognitions that enable us to adjust to our environment appropriately and cope most effectively
• emotions


  Feelings that arise from our circumstances, mood or relationships with others
• maladaptive emotions


  Very intense or overwhelming emotions that occur frequently, persist for extended periods of time without interruptions or are inappropriate for the situation
• cognitions


  Cognitive processes or mental actions that involve acquiring, processing and understanding information of knowledge
• adaptive cognitions


  Ways of thinking that are of benefits to our survival and wellbeing
• cognitive behavioural therapy


  Psychological treatment that targets the relationship between maladaptive thoughts, feelings and behaviours
• maladaptive cognitions


  Cognitive distortions or irrational, inflated thoughts or beliefs that distort a person's perceptions of reality, usually in a negative way
• neurodivergent


  a term that is sometimes used to refer to people whose brains function differently to others
• theory of mind


   cognitive ability that allows us to make judgements about other people's mental states
• executive function


  A cognitive process that helps us to set goals, organise and plan, focus our attention and ultimately get things done
• central coherence


  the ability to derive overall meaning from a mass of details
• working memory 


  Memory that allows us to process incoming sensory information
• alertness


  The ability to be vigilant and to sustain focus