unit 1 aos 1 psychlogical development

• What is psychological development?

  The process of growth and change in a person's cognitive, emotional, and social abilities and behaviours over the course of their life.
• List the three main areas of development

  Social, emotional and cognitive
• Cognitive Development 


  the changes in an individuals mental ability
• Emotional development 


  changes in how a person experiences, interprets and expresses the full range of emotions, and their ability to cope with them appropriately
• Social Development 


  process where children learn how to get along with others and learn the value and skills necessary to understand relationships
• genes 


  The basic units of hereditary or inheritance that contains genetic information and form a section of DNA
• Hereditary 


  The passing of genes or genetic information from parents to their offspring
• Genotype


  All the genes that a person has inherited from their biological parents
• Phenotype


  How a person's genes are expressed
• Hereditary factors 


  The biological influences on development that result from the genetic information passed from biological parents to their offspring
• Environmental factors 


  Different external influences within a person's environment that can affect their development
• biological 


  Associated with the relationship of disease and bodily health
• social


  Interpersonal factors such as social interactions and community activities
• psychological


  The aspects of mental and emotional wellness that also relate to behaviour
• behaviour


  The way one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others
• maladaptive


  Behaviour that is unhelpful, dysfunctional and non-productive, and that interferes with a person's ability to adjust to their environment appropriately and effectively
• Stressor


  Something that causes a state of strain or tension
• stress


  Types of change that causes physical, emotional or psychological strain
• risk factor


  A range of factors that may increase one's chances of developing atypically or having a mental disorder
• protective factors Protective FactorsA range of factors that may prevent or decrease the chances of developing atypically or having a mental disorder
• mental wellbeing


  A state of emotional and social wellbeing in which individuals realise their own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and can contribute to their community
• mentally healthy 


  Having no difficulty with activities of everyday living, displaying resilience
• mental health problem


  Relatively short-term disruptions that affect the everyday functioning of an individual
• mental disorder One of a wide range of usually long-lasting conditions that affect mood thinking and behaviour
• resilience


  the ability to 'bounce back' to previous normal levels of functioning when faced with adversity
• emotional development


  changes in how a person experiences, interprets and expresses the full range of emotions, and their ability to cope with them appropriately
• attachment


  a close, social and emotional bond between an infant and their caregivers
• insecure- resistant attachment


  an anxious attachment that forms because of inconsistent responses to their needs from a caregiver. The child may be clingy around their caregiver and insecure in themselves or in their interactions with others
• insecure-avoidant attachment


  a distant attachment that develops in children who do not experience sensitive responses to their needs from a caregiver. The child appears very independent, both physically and emotionally
• observational learning


  The acquisition of new behaviours as a result of observing the actions of others and the consequences of those actions
• modelling


  a form of learning whereby we observe the behaviour of others and then replicate it
• assimilation


  a cognitive process that involves taking a new concept and fitting it into or making it part of a pre-existing mental idea or structure
• schema


  our pre-existing mental ideas relating to a given concept that help us organise and interpret new information
• accommodation


  a cognitive process that involves changing or adjusting existing ideas to deal with new situations
• object permanence


  an understanding that objects continue to exist even if they can't be touched. seen or heard
• goal-directed behaviour


  a planned series of action with a purpose
• symbolic thinking 


  a type of thinking that uses symbols such as words or images to solve simple problems and to talk about things that are not physically present
• animism


  The belief that inanimate objects have feelings and intentions
• egocentrism


  A limited ability to share or appreciate someone else's point of view
• transformation


  The understanding that something can change from one state, form or structure to another