BB

• First blood transfusion: 1492, POPE INNOCENT VII
• Hustin: Uses sodium citrate as an anticoagulant
• Karl Landsteiner: Discover the ABO blood group system
• Dr. Charles Drew: Director of first American Red Cross blood bank
• Loutit and Mollison: Introduced the ACD preservative
• Rous and Turner: Introduced the citrate dextrose preservative
• Gibson: Introduced Citrate Phosphate Dextrose preservative
• Genetics= Study of transmission of inherited characteristics
• XY : Male
• XX : Female
• Gene: A segment of DNA arranged along the chromosome at a specific position called locus. Gene at a specific locus that differ in their nucleotide sequence are called alleles
• Dosage effect: Presence of homozygous genotype can express itself with more antigen than the heterozygous genotype AND Blood type 'AB' shows STRONGER reaction towards HOMOZYGOUS RBC antigens
• Genotype: Total genetic composition of an individual, representing maternally and paternally derived genes. It is the complement of DNA that is inherited
• Phenotype: Detectable or expressed characteristics of genes (observable trait/blood type)
• Most of the antigens in the various blood group system generally follow straightforward inheritance patterns, usually CODOMINANT nature= RH blood group system
• Gregor Mendel - father of genetics
• Autosomal - refers to traits that are not carried on the sex chromosomes
• 44 (22 pairs) are called autosomes
• Meiosis is the process of cell division unique to gametes (ova and sperm). the process of meiosis produces four gametes with genetic variability
• Mitosis Is the process of replication in nucleated body cells (except ova and sperm cells)
• G0 (quiescence/resting phase)
• G1 (gap 1) - synthesizes RNA and protein
• G2 (gap 2) - preparation for mitotic division.
• MUTATIONS - Any change in the structure or sequence of DNA, whether it is physical or biochemical.
• Point mutation - simplest type of mutation is the point mutation
• Transition - One purine is substituted for another purine or one pyrimidine is substituted for another pyrimidine.
• Transversion - A type of mutation in which purine is substituted for a pyrimidine or a pyrimidine for a purine
• Missense mutation - missense mutation results in a change in a codon, which alters the amino acid in the corresponding peptide.
• Transcription - the cellular process by which DNA is copied into RNA
• Translation is the cellular process by which RNA transcripts are turned into proteins and peptides, the structural and functional molecules of the cell