ppt 1.1.1

• In 1991 the National Land Use Committee of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) reported that 14.60 million ha or 49% of the total land resources are suitable for agricultural uses in the Philippines
• Crop Science


  It is concerned with the observation and classification of knowledge concerning economically cultivated crops and establishment of verifiable principles regarding their growth and development for the purpose of deriving the optimum benefit from them
• Branches of Crop Science

  • Agronomy - Deals with the principles and practices of managing field crops
  • Horticulture - It deals with gardens and plants within an enclosure
  • Nursery Management - The activities performed for a successful production, care and marketing of different planting materials in a specific area
  • Landscape Gardening - It involves making a place more attractive by altering the existing design
• Modes of Reproduction in Crops

  • Sexual - Plants that develop from seed or spore after undergoing union of male and female gametes
  • Asexual - Plants which reproduce by any vegetative mean without the union of male and female gamete
• Crop Classification According to Mode of Pollination

  • Naturally self-pollinated crops - Both pollen and embryo sac are produced in the same floral structure or in different flowers but within the same plant
  • Naturally cross-pollinated crops - Pollen are transfer in these plants from anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower
  • Both self and cross pollinated crops - Largely self-pollinated but varying amounts of cross-pollination
• Crop Classifications According to Life Span

  • Annuals - Plant that live within a short period of time
  • Biennial - Requires two growing season to complete its life cycle, first is vegetative growth and second for production of reproductive parts
  • Perennial - Plant that lives indefinitely including all trees and shrubs
• Crop Classification According to Growth Habit

  • Herbs - Succulent plants with self-supporting stems
  • Vines - Herbaceous climbing or twining plants without self-supporting stems
  • Lianas - Woody climbing or twining plants which depend on other plants for vertical support to climb
  • Shrubs - Small tree-like plants, less than 5m in height
  • Trees - Plants having erect and continuous growth with a large development of woody tissue, with a single distinct stem or trunk and more than 5m in height
• Crop Classification According to Leaf Retention

  • Evergreen - Plants that maintain their leaves throughout the year
  • Deciduous - Plants that naturally shed off or lose leaves annually for extended periods
• Crop Classifications According to Ecological Adaptation or Habitat

  • Aquatic, Hydrophyte or Hydrophytic Plant - Plant adapted to growing in water or waterlogged soil
  • Epiphyte or Epiphytic Plant - Plant that grows aboveground on another plant but not parasitic, obtaining nourishment from air
  • Halophyte or Halophytic Plant - Plants that is able to grow in habitats excessively rich in salts or under saline conditions
  • Lithophyte or Lithophytic Plant - Plants adapted to grow on rocks or in rocky terrain with little humus and absorb nutrients from air
  • Mesophyte or Mesophytic Plant - Plants adapted to moderate conditions for growth not too dry or too wet
  • Parasite or Parasitic Plant - Plants which grows on another plant from which it takes part or all nourishment
  • Saprophyte or Saprophytic Plant - Groups that grows on decaying organic matter and has no green tissue
  • Sciophytes or Sciophytic Plants - Plants adapted to low light intensity or shade
  • Terrestrial or Land Plant - Plants that grow on land, rooting in the soil
  • Xerophyte, Xerophytic or Xeric Plants - Plants adapted to conditions with little or no water
• Agricultural Classification Based on Primary Uses

  • Food Crops - Plants grown primarily for the harvesting or any part which is used by man as food or processed into food products
  • Non-Food Crops - Plants grown for the production of non-food products such as fiber, alcohol, industrial oil and rubber
  • Staple Crops - Plants grown for harvesting of parts which are used as staple food, which is consumed regularly
  • Cereal or Grain Crops - Annual herbaceous plants belonging to grass family Gramineae (Poaceae) Grains are harvested mature and utilized primarily as staple or feed or processed into carbohydrate-rich products
  • Legume Seed Crops or Pulses - Leguminous plants which produce edible, protein rich seeds. Plants that are capable of fixing nitrogen from the air through symbiotic relation with Rhizobium bacteria
  • Root and Tuber Crops or Tuberous Crops - Plants with modified, swollen root or underground stem
  • Oil Seed Crops - Plants grown for their seed which is rich source of edible and industrial oil
  • Sugar and Sweetener Crops - Plants grown primarily for production of sugar or other sweet-tasting product
• Root and Tuber Crops or Tuberous Crops


  Plants with modified, swollen root or underground stem
• Tuberous roots


  Modified roots, a thickened secondary root
• Tuberous roots


  • Cassave, sweet potato
• Fleshy roots


  Modified stem, usually enlarged primary roots
• Fleshy roots


  • Raddish
• Tuber


  Modified stem, enlarged tip of an underground stem with leaves reduced to scales or scars
• Tuber


  • White Potato
• Tubercle

  Aerial tuber
• Corm

  Modified stem, underground stem usually flattened from top to bottom with numerous roots
• Corm


  • Gabi
• Agricultural Classification Based on Primary Uses

  • Root and Tuber Crops or Tuberous Crops
  • Oil Seed Crops
  • Sugar and Sweetener Crops
  • Beverage Crops
  • Rubber Crops
  • Latex and Gum Crops
  • Dye and Tannin Crops
  • Fiber Crops
  • Pasture and Forage Crops
  • Biofuel Crops
  • Olericultural or Vegetable Crops
• Vegetable Classification Based on Edible Part

  • Leafy Vegetables
  • Shoot Vegetables
  • Pod and Seed Vegetables
  • Root and Bulb Vegetables
  • Flower Vegetables
  • Fruit Vegetables
• Vegetable Classification Based on Edible Part

  • Cole Crops or Crucifers
  • Cucurbits or Cucurbitaceae
  • Leguminosae or Fabaceae
  • Lilies
  • Solanaceous Crops
  • Mushrooms
• Agricultural Classification Based on Primary Uses

  • Pomological or Fruit Crops and Nuts
  • Spice Crops
  • Essential Oil Crops
  • Ornamental Crops
  • Floricultural Crops
  • Foliage Ornamentals
  • Lawn or Turf Grasses
  • Cutflowers
  • Cutfoliage
  • Edge Crops
  • Groundcovers
  • Hedges
  • Accents
  • Specimens
  • Screens
  • Shade crops
  • Avenue Trees
  • Biocidal Plants
  • Industrial Crops
  • Plantation Crops